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Articles

Sequence of stress-induced alterations in indices of synaptic and transcriptional activation in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons

KJ Kovacs and PE Sawchenko
Journal of Neuroscience 1 January 1996, 16 (1) 262-273; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00262.1996
KJ Kovacs
Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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PE Sawchenko
Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Abstract

Immediate-early genes (IEGs) are widely used to mark endocrine hypothalamic neurons that are activated in response to stress, yet their relationship to the transcriptional control of relevant effector molecule expression is unclear. Acute ether stress provokes increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone secretion that peaks at 5 and 30 min, respectively, after the challenge. Using probes complementary to intronic sequences of genes encoding ACTH secretagogues in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, we found these events to be accompanied by rapid and transient increases in corticotropin-releasing factor heteronuclear RNA (CRF hnRNA; peak at 5 min) and by a delayed upregulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) hnRNA (120 min). To identify candidate mechanisms regulating peptide expression, we followed the timing of ether effects on representatives of three transcription factor classes: IEGs [c-fos and nerve growth factor I-B (NGFI-B)], a POU-domain factor (Brn-2), and the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), using antisera specific to its transcriptionally active, phosphorylated form (pCREB). After ether exposure, c-fos and NGFI-B mRNA induction were maximal at 30--60 min, whereas Fos protein peaked at 60--120 min. Brn-2 mRNA was expressed constitutively in the PVH and was unresponsive to stress. By contrast, pCREB was induced in parvocellular neurons with a time course parallel to that of CRF hnRNA expression. Stress-induced transcriptional activation of the CRF and AVP genes in hypophysiotropic neurons follows distinct time courses that are compatible with control mechanisms involving phosphorylation events and de novo protein synthesis, respectively.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 16 (1)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 16, Issue 1
1 Jan 1996
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Sequence of stress-induced alterations in indices of synaptic and transcriptional activation in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons
KJ Kovacs, PE Sawchenko
Journal of Neuroscience 1 January 1996, 16 (1) 262-273; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00262.1996

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Sequence of stress-induced alterations in indices of synaptic and transcriptional activation in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons
KJ Kovacs, PE Sawchenko
Journal of Neuroscience 1 January 1996, 16 (1) 262-273; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00262.1996
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