Multiple Receptors Involved in Peripheral α2, μ, and A1 Antinociception, Tolerance, and Withdrawal

K. O. Aley; Jon D. Levine

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-02-00735.1997

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-02-00735.1997

PubMed

8987795

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Received September 3, 1996
Revision received October 22, 1996
Accepted October 25, 1996
First published January 15, 1997.

Version of record published January 15, 1997.

Author Information

K. O. Aley and
Jon D. Levine

¹Departments of Anatomy, Medicine, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Neuroscience and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0452

View Full Text

Author contributions

Disclosures

Received September 3, 1996.
Revision received October 22, 1996.
Accepted October 25, 1996.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Jon D. Levine, Department of Anatomy, University of California-San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452.

Statistics from Altmetric.com

Article usage

Select a custom date range for the past year

Article usage: January 1999 to March 2021

	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jan 1999	1	4	5
Feb 1999	1	2	1
Mar 1999	2	12	10
Dec 1999	0	11	9
Total 1999	4	29	25
Jan 2000	0	7	2
Feb 2000	4	2	2
Mar 2000	0	12	4
Apr 2000	2	1	1
May 2000	2	5	4
Jun 2000	1	4	3
Jul 2000	2	7	6
Aug 2000	1	11	8
Sep 2000	3	5	3
Oct 2000	4	4	4
Nov 2000	1	6	5
Dec 2000	4	7	5
Total 2000	24	71	47
Jan 2001	0	13	7
Feb 2001	2	7	4
Mar 2001	1	9	6
Apr 2001	1	21	9
May 2001	3	14	7
Jun 2001	3	7	9
Jul 2001	0	9	7
Aug 2001	0	9	6
Sep 2001	0	8	10
Oct 2001	2	8	8
Nov 2001	3	11	5
Dec 2001	1	5	2
Total 2001	16	121	80
Jan 2002	2	8	7
Feb 2002	1	10	12
Mar 2002	2	5	2
Apr 2002	3	5	13
May 2002	7	1	5
Jun 2002	1	11	7
Jul 2002	3	4	6
Aug 2002	1	16	17
Sep 2002	0	8	14
Oct 2002	3	12	5
Nov 2002	0	5	4
Dec 2002	0	4	10
Total 2002	23	89	102
Jan 2003	1	6	10
Feb 2003	1	10	7
Mar 2003	3	6	8
Apr 2003	0	8	5
May 2003	3	7	7
Jun 2003	2	3	1
Jul 2003	6	9	6
Aug 2003	9	6	2
Sep 2003	7	16	18
Oct 2003	11	16	10
Nov 2003	20	14	4
Dec 2003	12	16	4
Total 2003	75	117	82
Jan 2004	18	21	8
Feb 2004	7	10	10
Mar 2004	19	17	10
Apr 2004	22	14	7
May 2004	15	23	3
Jun 2004	10	18	7
Jul 2004	15	21	5
Aug 2004	13	23	9
Sep 2004	12	23	7
Oct 2004	12	36	7
Nov 2004	6	22	9
Dec 2004	14	21	14
Total 2004	163	249	96
Jan 2005	18	12	11
Feb 2005	11	23	11
Mar 2005	18	14	10
Apr 2005	16	17	22
May 2005	12	18	10
Jun 2005	11	13	7
Jul 2005	4	14	6
Aug 2005	18	17	9
Sep 2005	9	12	8
Oct 2005	15	17	16
Nov 2005	15	15	6
Dec 2005	11	17	9
Total 2005	158	189	125
Jan 2006	22	17	14
Feb 2006	12	8	5
Mar 2006	9	12	5
Apr 2006	15	10	6
May 2006	4	11	2
Jun 2006	9	5	6
Jul 2006	16	10	10
Aug 2006	7	7	4
Sep 2006	17	7	12
Oct 2006	9	19	15
Nov 2006	18	19	19
Dec 2006	5	11	6
Total 2006	143	136	104
Jan 2007	6	16	11
Feb 2007	9	16	11
Mar 2007	13	6	4
Apr 2007	6	13	6
May 2007	11	11	8
Jun 2007	3	10	11
Jul 2007	10	5	4
Aug 2007	6	27	6
Sep 2007	3	7	9
Oct 2007	3	6	7
Nov 2007	12	55	5
Dec 2007	2	19	3
Total 2007	84	191	85
Jan 2008	6	2	4
Feb 2008	9	8	7
Mar 2008	13	31	24
Apr 2008	6	5	6
May 2008	6	6	8
Jun 2008	14	10	4
Jul 2008	6	5	2
Aug 2008	6	3	13
Sep 2008	8	4	2
Oct 2008	57	19	10
Nov 2008	4	13	9
Dec 2008	4	7	11
Total 2008	139	113	100
Jan 2009	2	5	6
Feb 2009	4	10	5
Mar 2009	10	2	3
Apr 2009	2	5	5
May 2009	1	5	8
Jun 2009	2	4	8
Jul 2009	3	2	5
Aug 2009	1	2	1
Sep 2009	2	6	6
Oct 2009	7	8	16
Nov 2009	7	5	4
Dec 2009	8	1	2
Total 2009	49	55	69
Jan 2010	4	7	7
Feb 2010	8	5	3
Mar 2010	10	2	4
Apr 2010	4	6	10
May 2010	3	7	7
Jun 2010	0	1	0
Jul 2010	1	8	5
Aug 2010	2	9	4
Sep 2010	1	11	9
Oct 2010	7	13	11
Nov 2010	3	10	8
Dec 2010	4	10	11
Total 2010	47	89	79
Jan 2011	5	7	10
Feb 2011	6	2	3
Mar 2011	9	10	5
Apr 2011	5	2	3
May 2011	5	9	6
Jun 2011	6	4	2
Jul 2011	9	7	7
Aug 2011	31	8	9
Sep 2011	28	3	2
Oct 2011	23	7	6
Nov 2011	31	10	14
Dec 2011	21	4	2
Total 2011	179	73	69
Jan 2012	10	1	2
Feb 2012	19	8	13
Mar 2012	22	9	14
Apr 2012	22	2	5
May 2012	16	5	6
Jun 2012	18	3	7
Jul 2012	25	3	11
Aug 2012	23	6	9
Sep 2012	16	3	6
Oct 2012	23	6	10
Nov 2012	31	8	9
Dec 2012	32	3	6
Total 2012	257	57	98
Jan 2013	27	2	7
Feb 2013	28	2	2
Mar 2013	23	3	6
Apr 2013	19	4	3
May 2013	18	7	4
Jun 2013	11	1	0
Jul 2013	15	4	3
Aug 2013	10	3	10
Sep 2013	16	1	5
Oct 2013	24	7	7
Nov 2013	17	2	0
Dec 2013	18	2	0
Total 2013	226	38	47
Jan 2014	12	3	3
Feb 2014	15	5	4
Mar 2014	10	9	9
Apr 2014	9	4	10
May 2014	12	0	0
Jun 2014	9	2	3
Jul 2014	16	9	2
Aug 2014	15	7	5
Sep 2014	12	1	5
Oct 2014	16	3	2
Nov 2014	16	5	2
Dec 2014	17	1	1
Total 2014	159	49	46
Jan 2015	8	4	2
Feb 2015	7	4	1
Mar 2015	20	3	3
Apr 2015	15	1	0
May 2015	5	1	1
Jun 2015	23	4	4
Jul 2015	22	5	7
Aug 2015	12	1	4
Sep 2015	9	0	0
Oct 2015	20	0	2
Nov 2015	7	1	1
Dec 2015	15	1	2
Total 2015	163	25	27
Jan 2016	21	4	7
Feb 2016	8	3	3
Mar 2016	12	9	10
Apr 2016	11	3	3
May 2016	14	4	5
Jun 2016	4	2	3
Jul 2016	10	4	5
Aug 2016	5	5	4
Sep 2016	2	7	5
Oct 2016	2	1	1
Nov 2016	0	4	0
Dec 2016	0	9	2
Total 2016	89	55	48
Jan 2017	0	1	3
Feb 2017	0	4	0
Mar 2017	0	12	10
Apr 2017	2	4	7
May 2017	1	24	12
Jun 2017	1	3	9
Jul 2017	1	10	9
Aug 2017	1	1	3
Sep 2017	1	7	2
Oct 2017	2	11	2
Nov 2017	1	7	3
Dec 2017	4	6	2
Total 2017	14	90	62
Jan 2018	0	4	3
Feb 2018	2	7	1
Mar 2018	2	11	2
Apr 2018	0	18	6
May 2018	2	16	3
Jun 2018	1	16	4
Jul 2018	0	19	4
Aug 2018	2	16	10
Sep 2018	0	19	4
Oct 2018	0	14	3
Nov 2018	2	6	2
Dec 2018	0	9	2
Total 2018	11	155	44
Jan 2019	0	8	3
Feb 2019	0	6	2
Mar 2019	0	10	7
Apr 2019	5	9	9
May 2019	1	8	5
Jun 2019	2	5	3
Jul 2019	2	4	8
Aug 2019	1	6	10
Sep 2019	1	3	2
Oct 2019	3	10	3
Nov 2019	1	9	11
Dec 2019	2	7	5
Total 2019	18	85	68
Jan 2020	5	8	4
Feb 2020	2	4	3
Mar 2020	0	1	4
Apr 2020	2	9	2
May 2020	0	4	4
Jun 2020	2	4	2
Jul 2020	1	3	3
Aug 2020	3	2	2
Sep 2020	1	10	4
Oct 2020	1	13	4
Nov 2020	1	15	8
Dec 2020	4	9	3
Total 2020	22	82	43
Jan 2021	1	14	5
Feb 2021	0	8	5
Mar 2021	1	3	0
Total 2021	2	25	10
Total	2065	2183	1556