Cervical Dorsal Rhizotomy Enhances Serotonergic Innervation of Phrenic Motoneurons and Serotonin-Dependent Long-Term Facilitation of Respiratory Motor Output in Rats

Richard Kinkead; Wen-Zhi Zhan; Y. S. Prakash; Karen B. Bach; Gary C. Sieck; Gordon S. Mitchell

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08436.1998

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08436.1998

PubMed

9763486

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Received June 8, 1998
Revision received August 3, 1998
Accepted August 7, 1998
First published October 15, 1998.

Version of record published October 15, 1998.

Author Information

Richard Kinkead3,
Wen-Zhi Zhan2,
Y. S. Prakash2,
Karen B. Bach1,
Gary C. Sieck2, and
Gordon S. Mitchell1

¹Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
²Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
³Unité de Recherche en Pédiatrie, Centre Hôspitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon St-François d’Assise, Québec, QC G1L 3L5 Canada

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Author contributions

Disclosures

Received June 8, 1998.
Revision received August 3, 1998.
Accepted August 7, 1998.

This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HL36780, HL53319, HL34817, and HL37680, and by fellowships from Abbott Laboratories (Y.S.P.) and the Medical Research Council of Canada (R.K.). The authors would like to thank Mr. Philip Zhan for his technical support.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Gordon Mitchell, Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706.

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jan 1999	1	1	1
Feb 1999	2	3	7
Mar 1999	0	2	0
Dec 1999	0	8	2
Total 1999	3	14	10
Jan 2000	0	11	4
Feb 2000	2	3	0
Mar 2000	3	10	4
Apr 2000	4	8	1
May 2000	2	9	5
Jun 2000	0	2	0
Jul 2000	2	5	3
Aug 2000	0	7	6
Sep 2000	1	2	1
Oct 2000	3	2	1
Nov 2000	3	2	5
Dec 2000	1	6	2
Total 2000	21	67	32
Jan 2001	2	5	4
Feb 2001	4	0	0
Mar 2001	1	4	1
Apr 2001	3	7	3
May 2001	4	8	9
Jun 2001	0	6	8
Jul 2001	3	2	2
Aug 2001	1	4	12
Sep 2001	1	1	0
Oct 2001	0	3	1
Nov 2001	1	7	3
Dec 2001	0	8	2
Total 2001	20	55	45
Jan 2002	3	1	2
Feb 2002	0	4	3
Mar 2002	2	0	0
Apr 2002	0	5	5
May 2002	2	6	4
Jun 2002	0	4	3
Jul 2002	3	2	4
Aug 2002	3	9	2
Sep 2002	0	1	3
Oct 2002	2	7	3
Nov 2002	1	2	2
Dec 2002	0	3	2
Total 2002	16	44	33
Jan 2003	1	2	3
Feb 2003	2	8	3
Mar 2003	3	3	5
Apr 2003	2	4	8
May 2003	2	6	1
Jun 2003	2	7	3
Jul 2003	4	5	2
Aug 2003	7	18	4
Sep 2003	9	21	1
Oct 2003	13	29	10
Nov 2003	18	36	9
Dec 2003	18	21	8
Total 2003	81	160	57
Jan 2004	15	15	4
Feb 2004	15	19	3
Mar 2004	16	25	1
Apr 2004	13	21	4
May 2004	36	44	3
Jun 2004	8	16	3
Jul 2004	18	16	5
Aug 2004	18	28	7
Sep 2004	25	36	1
Oct 2004	13	38	1
Nov 2004	23	57	6
Dec 2004	13	56	7
Total 2004	213	371	45
Jan 2005	13	22	0
Feb 2005	17	61	8
Mar 2005	19	19	4
Apr 2005	8	11	0
May 2005	1	9	3
Jun 2005	5	20	1
Jul 2005	3	18	3
Aug 2005	2	22	3
Sep 2005	2	13	4
Oct 2005	5	25	7
Nov 2005	10	15	4
Dec 2005	4	8	1
Total 2005	89	243	38
Jan 2006	5	17	3
Feb 2006	7	22	1
Mar 2006	1	16	2
Apr 2006	4	22	5
May 2006	8	3	3
Jun 2006	2	6	4
Jul 2006	7	6	5
Aug 2006	5	5	2
Sep 2006	13	9	9
Oct 2006	30	19	3
Nov 2006	15	23	7
Dec 2006	7	15	4
Total 2006	104	163	48
Jan 2007	5	11	5
Feb 2007	8	9	3
Mar 2007	6	16	17
Apr 2007	8	25	16
May 2007	8	23	12
Jun 2007	2	5	6
Jul 2007	7	12	12
Aug 2007	4	6	2
Sep 2007	2	10	7
Oct 2007	8	8	6
Nov 2007	10	10	6
Dec 2007	1	11	9
Total 2007	69	146	101
Jan 2008	10	4	7
Feb 2008	5	8	12
Mar 2008	24	6	11
Apr 2008	17	2	14
May 2008	19	11	15
Jun 2008	34	13	7
Jul 2008	14	3	7
Aug 2008	13	5	11
Sep 2008	15	10	6
Oct 2008	15	13	6
Nov 2008	22	11	18
Dec 2008	3	3	6
Total 2008	191	89	120
Jan 2009	4	4	4
Feb 2009	8	10	7
Mar 2009	9	2	9
Apr 2009	4	3	3
May 2009	16	6	8
Jun 2009	4	7	0
Jul 2009	10	3	4
Aug 2009	6	3	6
Sep 2009	7	8	4
Oct 2009	6	10	4
Nov 2009	4	4	7
Dec 2009	9	1	3
Total 2009	87	61	59
Jan 2010	3	3	1
Feb 2010	4	2	6
Mar 2010	5	4	7
Apr 2010	6	7	2
May 2010	8	7	5
Jun 2010	2	7	2
Jul 2010	3	11	10
Aug 2010	2	10	3
Sep 2010	7	6	4
Oct 2010	8	13	8
Nov 2010	4	7	6
Dec 2010	8	11	4
Total 2010	60	88	58
Jan 2011	8	9	5
Feb 2011	4	2	3
Mar 2011	3	9	4
Apr 2011	6	9	9
May 2011	4	6	9
Jun 2011	2	6	12
Jul 2011	5	8	9
Aug 2011	8	4	8
Sep 2011	9	9	13
Oct 2011	6	6	25
Nov 2011	11	2	13
Dec 2011	4	3	7
Total 2011	70	73	117
Jan 2012	12	5	9
Feb 2012	3	13	18
Mar 2012	6	5	13
Apr 2012	6	4	7
May 2012	2	7	10
Jun 2012	4	6	11
Jul 2012	7	2	8
Aug 2012	4	4	3
Sep 2012	2	1	4
Oct 2012	14	3	7
Nov 2012	18	3	12
Dec 2012	28	4	6
Total 2012	106	57	108
Jan 2013	9	7	15
Feb 2013	13	5	6
Mar 2013	12	9	15
Apr 2013	7	3	11
May 2013	6	4	13
Jun 2013	2	4	8
Jul 2013	9	3	11
Aug 2013	12	2	8
Sep 2013	10	8	4
Oct 2013	10	9	10
Nov 2013	3	2	4
Dec 2013	3	8	14
Total 2013	96	64	119
Jan 2014	16	3	8
Feb 2014	10	2	7
Mar 2014	4	5	11
Apr 2014	15	10	15
May 2014	19	5	13
Jun 2014	11	5	4
Jul 2014	17	13	9
Aug 2014	0	6	7
Sep 2014	3	5	9
Oct 2014	5	3	2
Nov 2014	3	5	9
Dec 2014	9	4	9
Total 2014	112	66	103
Jan 2015	7	6	2
Feb 2015	3	9	8
Mar 2015	3	7	2
Apr 2015	12	6	2
May 2015	18	9	9
Jun 2015	2	5	3
Jul 2015	7	6	8
Aug 2015	6	8	3
Sep 2015	14	5	6
Oct 2015	5	5	6
Nov 2015	8	4	2
Dec 2015	10	3	2
Total 2015	95	73	53
Jan 2016	8	0	5
Feb 2016	7	7	9
Mar 2016	4	3	7
Apr 2016	6	3	3
May 2016	11	6	3
Jun 2016	5	3	2
Jul 2016	9	3	2
Aug 2016	6	6	5
Sep 2016	5	7	7
Oct 2016	4	4	3
Nov 2016	0	5	2
Dec 2016	1	18	4
Total 2016	66	65	52
Jan 2017	0	12	14
Feb 2017	1	39	5
Mar 2017	7	32	7
Apr 2017	0	9	6
May 2017	0	47	2
Jun 2017	1	14	5
Jul 2017	1	12	1
Aug 2017	0	6	0
Sep 2017	2	9	1
Oct 2017	2	8	0
Nov 2017	2	13	4
Dec 2017	2	4	2
Total 2017	18	205	47
Jan 2018	1	7	2
Feb 2018	0	6	1
Mar 2018	4	8	1
Apr 2018	4	15	3
May 2018	2	17	4
Jun 2018	2	18	1
Jul 2018	0	7	2
Aug 2018	0	8	3
Sep 2018	1	14	0
Oct 2018	1	8	6
Nov 2018	1	2	0
Dec 2018	2	6	3
Total 2018	18	116	26
Jan 2019	5	7	4
Feb 2019	0	4	2
Mar 2019	3	7	8
Apr 2019	3	7	5
May 2019	2	9	4
Jun 2019	2	9	2
Jul 2019	2	9	10
Aug 2019	0	24	5
Sep 2019	0	27	2
Oct 2019	5	70	7
Nov 2019	1	26	7
Dec 2019	2	10	5
Total 2019	25	209	61
Jan 2020	1	8	1
Feb 2020	0	9	3
Mar 2020	2	6	4
Apr 2020	0	3	5
May 2020	0	7	3
Jun 2020	1	7	5
Jul 2020	0	13	0
Aug 2020	3	42	12
Sep 2020	3	22	11
Oct 2020	0	13	3
Nov 2020	1	14	6
Dec 2020	3	12	6
Total 2020	14	156	59
Jan 2021	2	18	7
Feb 2021	0	16	3
Mar 2021	3	21	7
Apr 2021	4	13	6
May 2021	1	10	5
Total 2021	10	78	28
Total	1584	2663	1419