Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Example of a rat tested on the place and response discriminations. In the place version, this rat was started from the S and W arms and always had to enter the N arm to receive a cereal reinforcement. In the response version, this rat was started from the E and W arms and always had to turn right to receive a cereal reinforcement. The arrows in the maze represent the correct navigation patterns to receive a reinforcement. ●, Food well containing cereal reinforcement.
- Fig. 2.
The black areas represent the location of the injection cannula tips in the prelimbic–infralimbic cortices for all rats included in the behavioral analyses. Rat brain sections were adapted from Paxinos and Watson (1986).
- Fig. 3.
A, Mean trials to criterion on acquisition of the place discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine infusions into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas. The treatment received on this test is underlined for each group.VEH, Saline; TET, 2% tetracaine.B, Mean trials to criterion on the shift to a response discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine infusions into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas. The treatment received on this test isunderlined for each group. *p < 0.05 versus vehicle-injected groups. C, Mean number of trials to perseverate and complete learning on the shift to a response discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine injections into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas. ■, VEH- VEH; ▨, VEH- TET; ▧, TET- VEH.Underlined is the treatment received during the response discrimination. *p < 0.05 versus vehicle-injected controls.
- Fig. 4.
A, Mean trials to criterion on acquisition of the response discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine infusions into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas. The treatment received on this test is underlined for each group. VEH, Saline; TET, 2% tetracaine.B, Mean trials to criterion on the shift to a place discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine infusions into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas. The treatment received on this test isunderlined for each group. *p < 0.05 versus vehicle-injected groups. C, Mean number of trials to perseverate and complete learning on the shift to a place discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine injections into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas. ■, VEH- VEH; ▨, VEH- TET; ▧, TET- VEH.Underlined is the treatment received during the place discrimination. *p < 0.05 versus vehicle-injected groups.
- Fig. 5.
A, Mean trials to criterion on acquisition and reversal of the place discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine infusions into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas.VEH, Saline; TET, 2% tetracaine.B, Mean number of trials to perseverate and complete learning on reversal of the place discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine infusions into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas.
- Fig. 6.
A, Mean trials to criterion on acquisition and reversal of the response discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine infusions into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas.VEH, Saline; TET, 2% tetracaine.B, Mean number of trials to perseverate and complete learning on reversal of the response discrimination after vehicle or 2% tetracaine infusions into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas.
- Fig. 7.
Mean percent correct in the place discrimination during the last test session in the first room and the subsequent three test sessions that occurred in a new room after vehicle or 2% tetracaine injections into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas.Symbols representing the FIRST ROOM data: ■, vehicle or 2% tetracaine; ○, vehicle.
- Fig. 8.
Mean percent correct in the response discrimination during the last test session in the first room and the subsequent three test sessions that occurred in a new room after vehicle or 2% tetracaine injections into the prelimbic–infralimbic areas. Symbols representing the FIRST ROOM data: ■, vehicle or 2% tetracaine; ○, vehicle.
Tables
- Table 1.
Mean number of trials ± SEM for the three measures in Experiments 1–4 under the different testing and drug conditions
Acquisition criterion Trials to criterion No. of probe trials Experiment 1 Place version Vehicle–vehicle 57.6 ± 12.7 63.1 ± 12.9 2.0 ± 0.7 Vehicle–tetracaine 50.3 ± 6.6 55.8 ± 7.4 1.8 ± 0.5 Tetracaine–vehicle 38.7 ± 4.3 60.3 ± 7.0* 4.8 ± 1.4** Response version Vehicle– vehicle 64.7 ± 11.0 64.7 ± 11.0 1.0 ± 0.0 Vehicle– tetracaine 108.3 ± 6.2** 110.8 ± 5.1** 1.3 ± 0.3 Tetracaine– vehicle 68.5 ± 11.6 68.5 ± 11.6 1.0 ± 0.0 Experiment 2 Response version Vehicle–vehicle 57.5 ± 13.6 70.3 ± 10.3 2.3 ± 0.6 Vehicle–tetracaine 68.2 ± 10.6 73.0 ± 10.6 1.8 ± 0.5 Tetracaine–vehicle 51.0 ± 14.7 51.0 ± 14.7 1.0 ± 0.0 Place version Vehicle– vehicle 36.2 ± 4.2 37.8 ± 4.7 1.2 ± 0.2 Vehicle– tetracaine 62.7 ± 7.8** 67.3 ± 9.7** 1.8 ± 0.5 Tetracaine– vehicle 40.0 ± 5.5 44.2 ± 3.9 1.7 ± 0.3 Experiment 3 Place acquisition Vehicle–vehicle 56.4 ± 12.8 68.0 ± 10.5 2.2 ± 0.7 Vehicle–tetracaine 61.2 ± 12.0 64.2 ± 12.4 1.6 ± 0.2 Place reversal Vehicle– vehicle 52.6 ± 6.4 55.6 ± 5.6 1.6 ± 0.6 Vehicle– tetracaine 59.4 ± 3.8 69.8 ± 8.0 2.2 ± 0.6 Experiment 4 Response acquisition Vehicle–vehicle 68.2 ± 13.4 72.6 ± 14.4 1.6 ± 0.2 Vehicle–tetracaine 70.0 ± 18.5 79.2 ± 17.8 1.8 ± 0.4 Response reversal Vehicle– vehicle 71.6 ± 15.8 75.6 ± 14.9 1.4 ± 0.4 Vehicle– tetracaine 72.0 ± 15.7 73.4 ± 16.0 1.2 ± 0.3 Underlined is the treatment administered for that condition.
*p < 0.05 versus acquisition criterion.
**p < 0.05 versus vehicle-injected controls.
