Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Examples of trials illustrating saccadic adaptation and extinction. Each panel shows the horizontal eye position and target position during trials from a block designed to study saccadic adaptation. Rightward saccades. A full record of saccade sizes in this block is shown in Figure 2B.
- Fig. 2.
Saccadic adaptation is abolished by the cerebellar lesion. Panels show full records of saccade sizes for block of trials recorded at the days indicated above the panels. All movements are to the right. The two vertical lines in each panel indicate the beginning and end of adaptation trials. The scale of A and Bis stretched twice relative to C andD.
- Fig. 3.
Lesions of the oculomotor vermis induce gross dysmetria, but with time the dysmetria recovers. Saccades from prelesion period (A, D), early postlesion (day + 3) (B, E), and late postlesion (3 months, 1 year) (C, F). Monkey 1 (A–C), leftward saccades; monkey 2 (D–F), rightwards saccades. Ten saccades per panel. In trials early after the lesion, two and sometimes three saccades are needed to fixate the target (B,E). Whereas the mean saccade size recovers (C, F), the variability in both fixation and saccade size persists (B, C,E, F).
- Fig. 4.
Histograms of saccade size documentating postlesion hypometria and recovery. A–C, Monkey 1;D–F, monkey 2. A and Drepresent prelesion period; B and E show early postlesion period; C and F show late postlesion period. Saccades in same directions as Figure 1. All appropriate control saccades recorded in this study are included.Thick vertical lines represent means of distributions. Values on each panel show mean ± SD of gain (in percents).
- Fig. 5.
In the absence of saccadic adaptation, prolonged effort induces saccadic errors. A, Record of saccade size in the format of Figure 4; however, instead of adaptation trials, the monkey makes 200 control saccades. Saccades become smaller during the block. B, Histogram of first 100 trials;C, histogram of last 100 trials (1501–1600).D–F, Same format for monkey 3 who has an intact cerebellum. There is no analogous decrease in saccade size.
- Fig. 6.
Histological sections through the lesion of monkey 1. Sections are 60-μm-thick, Nissl stained. The calibration mark shown in section 1 is valid for all sections. Section numbers in the block are specified. Every 12th section is shown; that is, the distance between displayed sections is 0.72 mm.
- Fig. 7.
Histological sections through the lesion of monkey 2. Sections are 60-μm-thick, Nissl stained. The scale bar shown insection 2 is valid for all sections. Section numbers in the block are specified. Every 12th section is shown; that is, the distance between displayed sections is 0.72 mm.
Tables
Saccadic gain Significance n Prelesion Early post Late post Pre versus early Early versus late Pre versus late Prelesion Early post Late post Monkey 1 Right 100 ± 4 93 ± 8 92 ± 11 * 0.30 * 120 127 205 Left 97 ± 3 77 ± 6 98 ± 7 * * 0.24 120 129 206 Up 100 ± 3 103 ± 5 104 ± 5 * 0.06 * 122 135 212 Down 100 ± 4 91 ± 5 96 ± 6 * * * 113 134 205 Monkey 2 Right 100 ± 4 69 ± 6 100 ± 10 * * 0.55 1114 151 177 Left 94 ± 4 88 ± 8 90 ± 8 * * * 1117 140 170 Up 95 ± 4 94 ± 5 100 ± 5 * * * 1137 138 178 Down 97 ± 4 98 ± 5 102 ± 5 0.19 * * 1143 141 177 Saccadic gains expressed as mean ± SD percentage. Centrifugal saccades to targets at 15° eccentricity. Statistics calculated from all saccades studied. *p < 0.01 in a two-sample t test.
