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ARTICLE

Effect of Chronic High-Dose Exogenous Cortisol on Hippocampal Neuronal Number in Aged Nonhuman Primates

James B. Leverenz, Charles W. Wilkinson, Molly Wamble, Shannon Corbin, Jo Ellen Grabber, Murray A. Raskind and Elaine R. Peskind
Journal of Neuroscience 15 March 1999, 19 (6) 2356-2361; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02356.1999
James B. Leverenz
1Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center and
3Neurology and
4Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
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Charles W. Wilkinson
2Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, Washington 98108, and Departments of
4Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
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Molly Wamble
1Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center and
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Shannon Corbin
1Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center and
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Jo Ellen Grabber
5Washington Regional Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Murray A. Raskind
1Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center and
4Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
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Elaine R. Peskind
1Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center and
4Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
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    Fig. 1.

    Representative coronal sections from rostral to caudal hippocampus (A, C,E, G) and outlines of dentate granule cell layer, hilus, CA2/3, CA1, and subiculum as used in stereological cell counting (B, D, F,H). CA1′ (Rosene and Van Hoesen, 1987) was not included within the assessed CA1 subfield.

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    Fig. 2.

    Twenty-four hour urinary cortisol concentrations (expressed as nanomoles per millimoles creatinine) in placebo- and cortisol-treated groups at baseline (BL), after 2 weeks (wk), and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (m) of treatment. *p < 0.05, higher than baseline; †p < 0.01, higher than placebo group.

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    Fig. 3.

    Plasma ACTH concentrations (expressed as picomoles per liter) in placebo- and cortisol-treated groups at baseline (BL), after 2 weeks (wk), and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (m) of treatment. *p < 0.01, lower than baseline; †p < 0.05, lower than placebo group.

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    Fig. 4.

    CSF cortisol concentrations (expressed as nanomoles per liter) in placebo- and cortisol-treated groups after 12 months of treatment obtained by lumbar or cisternal puncture in sedated animals before death. *p < 0.01, higher in placebo group.

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    Table 1.

    Neuronal volume, density, and cell number in five hippocampal regions

    PlaceboCortisolp value*
    Subiculum
     Volume29.4  ± 2.625.5  ± 1.40.12
     Density7165.9  ± 377.47851.1  ± 504.70.86
     Cell #208,299  ± 15,346195,969  ± 97720.26
    CA1
     Volume67.7  ± 4.171.7  ± 2.70.78
     Density10,281.6  ± 345.310,183.9  ± 332.50.42
     Cell #694,803  ± 46,471726,092  ± 16,8050.72
    CA2/3
     Volume37.9  ± 2.240.6  ± 2.70.78
     Density8736.3  ± 374.28797.4  ± 276.90.55
     Cell #329,104  ± 18,289358,868  ± 29,6800.80
    Hilus
     Volume49.5  ± 4.152.1  ± 3.20.68
     Density5331.6  ± 127.05060.1  ± 163.60.10
     Cell #262,668  ± 20,166264,355  ± 20,5340.52
    Dentate
     Volume13.2  ± 0.814.4  ± 1.00.81
     Density167,937.6  ± 8841.6172,272  ± 5777.40.65
     Cell #2,216,385  ± 173,7602,460,120  ± 141,0290.84
    • *Student’s t test, unpaired, one-tailed.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 19 (6)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 19, Issue 6
15 Mar 1999
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Effect of Chronic High-Dose Exogenous Cortisol on Hippocampal Neuronal Number in Aged Nonhuman Primates
James B. Leverenz, Charles W. Wilkinson, Molly Wamble, Shannon Corbin, Jo Ellen Grabber, Murray A. Raskind, Elaine R. Peskind
Journal of Neuroscience 15 March 1999, 19 (6) 2356-2361; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02356.1999

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Effect of Chronic High-Dose Exogenous Cortisol on Hippocampal Neuronal Number in Aged Nonhuman Primates
James B. Leverenz, Charles W. Wilkinson, Molly Wamble, Shannon Corbin, Jo Ellen Grabber, Murray A. Raskind, Elaine R. Peskind
Journal of Neuroscience 15 March 1999, 19 (6) 2356-2361; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02356.1999
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Keywords

  • cortisol
  • aging
  • nonhuman primate
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