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ARTICLE, Behavioral/Systems

Long-Term Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Reveal Mechanisms Underlying the Intrinsic Signal and Stability of Cortical Maps in V1 of Behaving Monkeys

Eran Shtoyerman, Amos Arieli, Hamutal Slovin, Ivo Vanzetta and Amiram Grinvald
Journal of Neuroscience 1 November 2000, 20 (21) 8111-8121; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-21-08111.2000
Eran Shtoyerman
1Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Amos Arieli
1Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Hamutal Slovin
1Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Ivo Vanzetta
1Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Amiram Grinvald
1Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract

Explorations of learning and memory, other long-term plastic changes, and additional cognitive functions in the behaving primate brain would greatly benefit from the ability to image the functional architecture within the same patch of cortex, at the columnar level, for a long period of time. We developed methods for long-term optical imaging based on intrinsic signals and repeatedly visualized the same functional domains in behaving macaque cortex for a period extending over 1 year. Using optical imaging and imaging spectroscopy, we first explored the relationship between electrical activity and hemodynamic events in the awake behaving primate and compared it with anesthetized preparations. We found that, whereas the amplitude of the intrinsic signal was much larger in the awake animal, its temporal pattern was similar to that observed in the anesthetized animals. In both groups, deoxyhemoglobin concentration reached a peak 2–3 sec after stimulus onset. Furthermore, the early activity-dependent increase in deoxyhemoglobin concentration (the “initial dip”) was far more tightly colocalized with electrical activity than the delayed increase in oxyhemoglobin concentration, known to be associated with an increase in blood flow. The implications of these results for improvement of the spatial resolution of blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging are discussed. After the characterization of the intrinsic signal in the behaving primate, we used this new imaging method to explore the stability of cortical maps in the macaque primary visual cortex. Functional maps of orientation and ocular dominance columns were found to be stable for a period longer than 1 year.

  • anesthesia
  • behaving monkeys
  • brain mapping
  • cortical columns
  • f-MRI
  • hemodynamics
  • optical imaging
  • plasticity
  • primary visual cortex
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The Journal of Neuroscience: 20 (21)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 20, Issue 21
1 Nov 2000
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Long-Term Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Reveal Mechanisms Underlying the Intrinsic Signal and Stability of Cortical Maps in V1 of Behaving Monkeys
Eran Shtoyerman, Amos Arieli, Hamutal Slovin, Ivo Vanzetta, Amiram Grinvald
Journal of Neuroscience 1 November 2000, 20 (21) 8111-8121; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-21-08111.2000

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Long-Term Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Reveal Mechanisms Underlying the Intrinsic Signal and Stability of Cortical Maps in V1 of Behaving Monkeys
Eran Shtoyerman, Amos Arieli, Hamutal Slovin, Ivo Vanzetta, Amiram Grinvald
Journal of Neuroscience 1 November 2000, 20 (21) 8111-8121; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-21-08111.2000
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Keywords

  • anesthesia
  • behaving monkeys
  • brain mapping
  • cortical columns
  • f-MRI
  • hemodynamics
  • optical imaging
  • plasticity
  • primary visual cortex

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