Activation of ERK/MAP Kinase in the Amygdala Is Required for Memory Consolidation of Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

Glenn E. Schafe; Coleen M. Atkins; Michael W. Swank; Elizabeth P. Bauer; J. David Sweatt; Joseph E. LeDoux

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-21-08177.2000

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-21-08177.2000

PubMed

11050141

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Received June 23, 2000
Revision received August 14, 2000
Accepted August 15, 2000
First published November 1, 2000.

Version of record published November 1, 2000.

Author Information

Glenn E. Schafe1,
Coleen M. Atkins2,
Michael W. Swank3,
Elizabeth P. Bauer1,
J. David Sweatt2, and
Joseph E. LeDoux1

¹W. M. Keck Foundation Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003,
²Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
³Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical Center, White Plains, New York 10605

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Author contributions

Disclosures

Received June 23, 2000.
Revision received August 14, 2000.
Accepted August 15, 2000.

This research was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Grants MH 46516, MH 00956, MH 39774, MH 11902, and MH 570161. This work was also supported by grants from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression and the W. M. Keck Foundation to New York University. We thank Annemieke Schoute for assistance with the histology.
G.E.S., C.M.A., and M.W.S. contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Glenn E. Schafe, Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 809, New York, NY 10003. E-mail: schafe{at}cns.nyu.edu.

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Oct 2000	298	253	301
Nov 2000	74	256	152
Dec 2000	27	112	55
Total 2000	399	621	508
Jan 2001	22	122	56
Feb 2001	19	85	62
Mar 2001	9	88	41
Apr 2001	15	77	48
May 2001	9	99	59
Jun 2001	16	76	63
Jul 2001	8	82	41
Aug 2001	8	89	35
Sep 2001	8	57	36
Oct 2001	7	74	51
Nov 2001	8	101	62
Dec 2001	6	43	26
Total 2001	135	993	580
Jan 2002	5	65	41
Feb 2002	7	42	29
Mar 2002	4	63	25
Apr 2002	1	48	40
May 2002	3	44	49
Jun 2002	5	30	31
Jul 2002	1	49	41
Aug 2002	3	32	45
Sep 2002	3	55	57
Oct 2002	7	57	32
Nov 2002	7	52	48
Dec 2002	3	53	38
Total 2002	49	590	476
Jan 2003	4	58	64
Feb 2003	6	37	34
Mar 2003	4	49	45
Apr 2003	1	53	50
May 2003	6	52	36
Jun 2003	2	42	38
Jul 2003	10	59	29
Aug 2003	13	66	35
Sep 2003	7	74	31
Oct 2003	23	88	54
Nov 2003	29	76	57
Dec 2003	15	83	48
Total 2003	120	737	521
Jan 2004	27	67	36
Feb 2004	11	99	53
Mar 2004	27	117	54
Apr 2004	22	97	53
May 2004	28	120	53
Jun 2004	18	99	47
Jul 2004	19	62	28
Aug 2004	42	95	42
Sep 2004	45	145	84
Oct 2004	25	94	46
Nov 2004	16	70	46
Dec 2004	13	81	44
Total 2004	293	1146	586
Jan 2005	26	70	35
Feb 2005	25	89	53
Mar 2005	25	89	35
Apr 2005	11	68	46
May 2005	12	87	60
Jun 2005	14	56	43
Jul 2005	8	59	36
Aug 2005	10	52	41
Sep 2005	6	63	38
Oct 2005	7	69	29
Nov 2005	20	85	48
Dec 2005	20	103	49
Total 2005	184	890	513
Jan 2006	13	70	34
Feb 2006	10	99	43
Mar 2006	17	87	48
Apr 2006	10	64	28
May 2006	8	48	25
Jun 2006	14	53	35
Jul 2006	14	33	29
Aug 2006	16	41	33
Sep 2006	21	50	27
Oct 2006	22	53	52
Nov 2006	20	41	32
Dec 2006	16	39	33
Total 2006	181	678	419
Jan 2007	12	44	28
Feb 2007	15	53	39
Mar 2007	30	67	53
Apr 2007	20	65	41
May 2007	16	40	34
Jun 2007	8	51	34
Jul 2007	17	58	44
Aug 2007	25	43	35
Sep 2007	14	49	49
Oct 2007	13	49	33
Nov 2007	15	40	22
Dec 2007	16	31	24
Total 2007	201	590	436
Jan 2008	15	52	27
Feb 2008	20	47	34
Mar 2008	30	36	29
Apr 2008	23	38	36
May 2008	23	31	20
Jun 2008	16	38	38
Jul 2008	15	36	35
Aug 2008	41	47	27
Sep 2008	41	52	33
Oct 2008	25	51	37
Nov 2008	28	37	37
Dec 2008	17	36	35
Total 2008	294	501	388
Jan 2009	29	56	38
Feb 2009	16	44	38
Mar 2009	29	54	34
Apr 2009	33	39	45
May 2009	23	49	33
Jun 2009	26	54	42
Jul 2009	17	43	31
Aug 2009	14	40	35
Sep 2009	13	34	24
Oct 2009	18	27	25
Nov 2009	29	43	22
Dec 2009	21	27	30
Total 2009	268	510	397
Jan 2010	21	26	30
Feb 2010	22	46	33
Mar 2010	38	45	28
Apr 2010	26	56	35
May 2010	19	55	36
Jun 2010	19	43	24
Jul 2010	17	42	30
Aug 2010	22	35	30
Sep 2010	15	40	23
Oct 2010	24	53	22
Nov 2010	26	57	24
Dec 2010	25	25	29
Total 2010	274	523	344
Jan 2011	33	45	36
Feb 2011	24	42	24
Mar 2011	30	60	23
Apr 2011	20	51	22
May 2011	27	55	31
Jun 2011	14	31	17
Jul 2011	28	18	18
Aug 2011	15	35	21
Sep 2011	21	38	28
Oct 2011	30	63	40
Nov 2011	37	37	35
Dec 2011	23	32	32
Total 2011	302	507	327
Jan 2012	25	42	40
Feb 2012	27	35	36
Mar 2012	45	44	22
Apr 2012	36	55	36
May 2012	49	42	33
Jun 2012	18	73	22
Jul 2012	19	17	20
Aug 2012	14	26	18
Sep 2012	16	25	36
Oct 2012	40	37	66
Nov 2012	50	25	34
Dec 2012	61	50	28
Total 2012	400	471	391
Jan 2013	43	57	35
Feb 2013	44	57	38
Mar 2013	51	45	43
Apr 2013	36	23	26
May 2013	39	31	35
Jun 2013	15	17	28
Jul 2013	25	15	134
Aug 2013	18	18	13
Sep 2013	32	22	20
Oct 2013	39	36	29
Nov 2013	28	22	29
Dec 2013	43	27	32
Total 2013	413	370	462
Jan 2014	30	26	24
Feb 2014	30	31	23
Mar 2014	51	28	24
Apr 2014	41	39	26
May 2014	39	16	17
Jun 2014	31	29	23
Jul 2014	39	26	17
Aug 2014	24	54	30
Sep 2014	42	42	21
Oct 2014	44	44	33
Nov 2014	50	31	14
Dec 2014	42	60	16
Total 2014	463	426	268
Jan 2015	47	127	23
Feb 2015	20	156	13
Mar 2015	40	123	39
Apr 2015	38	84	16
May 2015	30	75	13
Jun 2015	35	83	25
Jul 2015	35	37	14
Aug 2015	19	22	10
Sep 2015	35	24	24
Oct 2015	24	22	16
Nov 2015	40	33	15
Dec 2015	34	30	13
Total 2015	397	816	221
Jan 2016	27	23	14
Feb 2016	44	31	22
Mar 2016	49	41	31
Apr 2016	32	28	15
May 2016	82	29	15
Jun 2016	51	29	12
Jul 2016	34	31	12
Aug 2016	37	20	11
Sep 2016	21	23	23
Oct 2016	13	31	25
Nov 2016	27	28	49
Dec 2016	7	43	27
Total 2016	424	357	256
Jan 2017	12	59	21
Feb 2017	9	36	11
Mar 2017	21	56	21
Apr 2017	13	22	15
May 2017	22	122	18
Jun 2017	14	28	12
Jul 2017	8	20	9
Aug 2017	11	19	7
Sep 2017	7	25	12
Oct 2017	16	38	18
Nov 2017	11	39	13
Dec 2017	6	41	16
Total 2017	150	505	173
Jan 2018	22	38	13
Feb 2018	12	31	2
Mar 2018	19	38	20
Apr 2018	12	36	13
May 2018	14	61	13
Jun 2018	11	53	11
Jul 2018	9	27	5
Aug 2018	10	28	11
Sep 2018	11	44	18
Oct 2018	8	71	11
Nov 2018	21	75	16
Dec 2018	8	33	14
Total 2018	157	535	147
Jan 2019	9	44	21
Feb 2019	6	41	15
Mar 2019	16	41	28
Apr 2019	9	33	11
May 2019	15	44	20
Jun 2019	5	39	10
Jul 2019	11	32	25
Aug 2019	16	44	39
Sep 2019	11	62	20
Oct 2019	20	97	13
Nov 2019	11	73	19
Dec 2019	7	27	18
Total 2019	136	577	239
Jan 2020	13	27	17
Feb 2020	3	33	13
Mar 2020	5	24	13
Apr 2020	3	15	10
May 2020	13	31	24
Jun 2020	8	24	15
Jul 2020	4	39	8
Aug 2020	5	28	10
Sep 2020	11	52	21
Oct 2020	13	41	25
Nov 2020	15	35	21
Dec 2020	8	34	12
Total 2020	101	383	189
Jan 2021	7	64	16
Feb 2021	15	50	19
Mar 2021	8	53	36
Apr 2021	7	49	25
May 2021	19	48	21
Jun 2021	9	52	16
Jul 2021	5	31	10
Aug 2021	9	46	11
Sep 2021	11	45	23
Oct 2021	6	40	31
Nov 2021	9	30	22
Dec 2021	13	32	22
Total 2021	118	540	252
Jan 2022	20	40	34
Feb 2022	7	22	8
Mar 2022	10	23	14
Apr 2022	8	33	13
May 2022	4	19	20
Total 2022	49	137	89
Total	5508	13403	8182