Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Wheel-running activity records of representative hamsters. Each line represents 24 hr plotted in 10 min bins fromleft to right. Vertical deflections on the line indicate time bins in which wheel-running activity occurred. Shading represents lights-off (LD 14:10). A, Control test, with constant dark beginning 6 hr before usual dark onset and no behavioral disturbance. A 38 min phase advance was evident on the second day after the procedure, relative to the average time of activity onset in LD before the first day of constant dark. B, 1 hr sleep deprivation (shaded rectangle) that induced a 180 min phase advance. C, 3 hr deprivation that induced a 165 min advance. D, 3 hr sleep deprivation with the home cage wheel locked for 6 hr, which induced a 190 min phase advance.
- Fig. 2.
Group mean phase shifts (± SEM).DD, Control condition in which lights were turned out 6 hr before the usual time of dark onset. SD, 3 hr sleep deprivation, beginning 6 hr before the usual time of dark onset.SD+WL, 3 hr sleep deprivation with home cage running wheel locked for 6 hr. 1hr SD, 1 hr sleep deprivation beginning 6 hr before the usual time of dark onset. *p < 0.05 versus DD; **p < 0.05 versus DD and 3hr SD.
- Fig. 3.
Fos-IR in the SCN (A–E) and IGL (G, H) from representative hamsters in the following conditions: A, no sleep deprivation, light pulse at ZT10; B, 3 hr deprivation with light pulse at ZT10; C, no deprivation, light pulse at ZT12;D, no deprivation or light pulse; E, 3 hr deprivation, no light pulse; F, Nissl-stained section illustrating SCN. G, No deprivation or light pulse. IGL borders indicated by arrows;H, 3 hr deprivation, no light pulse; I, Nissl-stained section illustrating IGL. Animals were killed at ZT11.5, except for those subjected to a light pulse at ZT12 (C). Scale bars, 200 μm.
- Fig. 4.
Fos-IR in the SCN in hamsters placed into DD at either ZT6 (A–C) or ZT9 (D). A, Control hamster killed at ZT11.5. B, 3 hr sleep deprivation, ZT6–9, killed at ZT11.5. C,D, Control hamsters killed at ZT14.5. Scale bars, 200 μm.
- Fig. 5.
Relationship between the phase-shift response to sleep deprivation and the number of interventions required to prevent a sleep posture (A) and the latency to the first intervention (B).
