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ARTICLE, Behavioral/Systems

Normalization Models Applied to Orientation Masking in the Human Infant

T. Rowan Candy, Ann M. Skoczenski and Anthony M. Norcia
Journal of Neuroscience 15 June 2001, 21 (12) 4530-4541; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-12-04530.2001
T. Rowan Candy
1Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-3680,
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Ann M. Skoczenski
2Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Waltham, Massachusetts 02452, and
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Anthony M. Norcia
3Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94115
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Abstract

Human infants can discriminate the orientation of lines within the first week after birth (Atkinson et al., 1988; Slater et al., 1988) but have immature orientation-selective pattern masking until after 6 months of age (Morrone and Burr, 1986). Here the development of orientation processing is further examined using a visual-evoked potential paradigm and normalization models of pattern masking. Contrast response functions were measured for 1 cycle per degree (cpd) gratings, counterphase-reversed in contrast at either 3.3 or 5.5 Hz. A second 1 cpd, 20% contrast, 8.3 Hz grating of either the same or orthogonal orientation was added as a mask. Evoked responses associated with the test grating, the mask, and intermodulation between the two were individually extracted using spectral analysis of the scalp-recorded EEG. Adults exhibited orientation selectivity in the masking of their test component responses and in nonlinear intermodulation between the test and mask stimuli. Infants <5 months old, however, demonstrated nonselective masking or a reversed selectivity in their responses to the test component, with adult-like orientation selectivity in their intermodulation responses. Within the context of a normalization model of pattern masking, the results are consistent with the existence of oriented filters early in life the responses of which are normalized immaturely until ∼5 months of age.

  • visual development
  • pattern masking
  • orientation selectivity
  • human infant
  • visual-evoked potentials
  • visual cortex
  • normalization models
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The Journal of Neuroscience: 21 (12)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 21, Issue 12
15 Jun 2001
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Normalization Models Applied to Orientation Masking in the Human Infant
T. Rowan Candy, Ann M. Skoczenski, Anthony M. Norcia
Journal of Neuroscience 15 June 2001, 21 (12) 4530-4541; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-12-04530.2001

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Normalization Models Applied to Orientation Masking in the Human Infant
T. Rowan Candy, Ann M. Skoczenski, Anthony M. Norcia
Journal of Neuroscience 15 June 2001, 21 (12) 4530-4541; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-12-04530.2001
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Keywords

  • visual development
  • pattern masking
  • orientation selectivity
  • human infant
  • visual-evoked potentials
  • visual cortex
  • normalization models

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