Wisconsin Card Sorting Revisited: Distinct Neural Circuits Participating in Different Stages of the Task Identified by Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Oury Monchi; Michael Petrides; Valentina Petre; Keith Worsley; Alain Dagher

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07733.2001

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07733.2001

PubMed

11567063

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Received May 14, 2001
Revision received July 19, 2001
Accepted July 20, 2001
First published October 1, 2001.

Version of record published October 1, 2001.

Author Information

Oury Monchi1,2,
Michael Petrides2,
Valentina Petre1,
Keith Worsley1,3, and
Alain Dagher1

¹McConnell Brain Imaging Centre and
²Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, and
³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4 Canada

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Author contributions

Disclosures

Received May 14, 2001.
Revision received July 19, 2001.
Accepted July 20, 2001.

This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the International Consortium for Human Brain Mapping, National Institutes of Health–National Institute of Mental Health. We thank P. Ahad for help with stimulus presentation software, J. Aston and C. Liao for help with data analysis, and A. Charil, A. Evans, P. Neelin, and B. Pike for useful discussions.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Alain Dagher, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada. E-mail: alain{at}bic.mni.mcgill.ca oroury{at}bic.mni.mcgill.ca.

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Sep 2001	454	328	375
Oct 2001	224	355	320
Nov 2001	21	152	94
Dec 2001	8	87	49
Total 2001	707	922	838
Jan 2002	15	63	44
Feb 2002	11	81	60
Mar 2002	15	70	39
Apr 2002	10	64	57
May 2002	8	32	27
Jun 2002	9	49	45
Jul 2002	9	34	35
Aug 2002	12	29	35
Sep 2002	8	31	20
Oct 2002	6	54	49
Nov 2002	6	19	29
Dec 2002	5	39	34
Total 2002	114	565	474
Jan 2003	3	27	40
Feb 2003	4	40	42
Mar 2003	6	45	69
Apr 2003	5	41	52
May 2003	4	21	38
Jun 2003	6	26	29
Jul 2003	13	57	42
Aug 2003	21	66	39
Sep 2003	13	49	41
Oct 2003	33	72	67
Nov 2003	21	52	37
Dec 2003	21	43	27
Total 2003	150	539	523
Jan 2004	35	47	43
Feb 2004	16	54	45
Mar 2004	28	141	41
Apr 2004	25	70	43
May 2004	52	95	42
Jun 2004	16	50	21
Jul 2004	49	94	38
Aug 2004	58	125	59
Sep 2004	47	91	35
Oct 2004	48	112	68
Nov 2004	24	149	38
Dec 2004	75	124	35
Total 2004	473	1152	508
Jan 2005	39	93	55
Feb 2005	61	101	53
Mar 2005	74	111	73
Apr 2005	58	99	59
May 2005	52	74	56
Jun 2005	32	57	33
Jul 2005	40	70	39
Aug 2005	31	129	67
Sep 2005	39	87	43
Oct 2005	59	117	47
Nov 2005	54	119	60
Dec 2005	43	112	57
Total 2005	582	1169	642
Jan 2006	27	98	43
Feb 2006	32	96	47
Mar 2006	34	124	75
Apr 2006	44	74	33
May 2006	56	72	53
Jun 2006	44	44	32
Jul 2006	31	31	27
Aug 2006	33	44	42
Sep 2006	23	61	49
Oct 2006	27	91	88
Nov 2006	30	118	108
Dec 2006	40	63	50
Total 2006	421	916	647
Jan 2007	62	30	56
Feb 2007	53	58	86
Mar 2007	47	81	96
Apr 2007	50	56	61
May 2007	59	63	62
Jun 2007	37	39	55
Jul 2007	27	40	66
Aug 2007	30	49	36
Sep 2007	36	35	41
Oct 2007	59	50	68
Nov 2007	62	40	77
Dec 2007	48	46	54
Total 2007	570	587	758
Jan 2008	44	48	56
Feb 2008	36	55	71
Mar 2008	73	53	72
Apr 2008	99	48	69
May 2008	55	53	82
Jun 2008	53	59	55
Jul 2008	37	39	41
Aug 2008	41	29	28
Sep 2008	43	36	54
Oct 2008	56	40	75
Nov 2008	75	54	81
Dec 2008	36	36	55
Total 2008	648	550	739
Jan 2009	52	37	72
Feb 2009	31	23	39
Mar 2009	39	42	64
Apr 2009	41	32	56
May 2009	33	41	78
Jun 2009	38	21	63
Jul 2009	34	23	46
Aug 2009	31	26	49
Sep 2009	31	18	51
Oct 2009	53	25	42
Nov 2009	52	36	65
Dec 2009	40	18	55
Total 2009	475	342	680
Jan 2010	40	36	52
Feb 2010	25	21	29
Mar 2010	49	38	41
Apr 2010	44	43	51
May 2010	40	35	60
Jun 2010	27	35	47
Jul 2010	27	22	31
Aug 2010	30	27	35
Sep 2010	22	29	38
Oct 2010	49	36	64
Nov 2010	58	59	61
Dec 2010	31	37	36
Total 2010	442	418	545
Jan 2011	35	37	50
Feb 2011	22	33	35
Mar 2011	36	52	48
Apr 2011	40	64	65
May 2011	54	43	75
Jun 2011	38	52	76
Jul 2011	35	31	73
Aug 2011	26	32	67
Sep 2011	28	44	65
Oct 2011	65	36	57
Nov 2011	61	51	97
Dec 2011	48	42	74
Total 2011	488	517	782
Jan 2012	55	52	90
Feb 2012	45	47	89
Mar 2012	68	53	120
Apr 2012	70	34	82
May 2012	58	39	72
Jun 2012	67	23	75
Jul 2012	58	46	85
Aug 2012	61	40	102
Sep 2012	40	27	107
Oct 2012	75	49	129
Nov 2012	64	40	134
Dec 2012	62	37	97
Total 2012	723	487	1182
Jan 2013	62	32	97
Feb 2013	58	20	79
Mar 2013	76	54	119
Apr 2013	68	38	124
May 2013	56	46	132
Jun 2013	32	34	72
Jul 2013	37	31	81
Aug 2013	52	34	95
Sep 2013	44	23	118
Oct 2013	56	54	211
Nov 2013	68	37	263
Dec 2013	42	49	255
Total 2013	651	452	1646
Jan 2014	51	33	189
Feb 2014	38	30	86
Mar 2014	62	44	34
Apr 2014	74	65	40
May 2014	70	57	51
Jun 2014	45	31	38
Jul 2014	52	27	80
Aug 2014	45	32	153
Sep 2014	24	41	92
Oct 2014	66	51	51
Nov 2014	89	48	41
Dec 2014	67	37	41
Total 2014	683	496	896
Jan 2015	38	42	32
Feb 2015	45	51	37
Mar 2015	97	66	57
Apr 2015	61	52	33
May 2015	88	31	43
Jun 2015	65	34	49
Jul 2015	54	37	31
Aug 2015	38	25	22
Sep 2015	67	32	29
Oct 2015	87	47	40
Nov 2015	59	49	35
Dec 2015	59	40	38
Total 2015	758	506	446
Jan 2016	59	46	36
Feb 2016	191	30	44
Mar 2016	67	52	65
Apr 2016	75	45	53
May 2016	59	33	56
Jun 2016	53	49	32
Jul 2016	35	30	38
Aug 2016	41	42	42
Sep 2016	23	31	32
Oct 2016	63	58	46
Nov 2016	35	54	59
Dec 2016	29	66	49
Total 2016	730	536	552
Jan 2017	35	101	30
Feb 2017	29	46	48
Mar 2017	39	66	41
Apr 2017	23	22	31
May 2017	28	77	33
Jun 2017	25	39	29
Jul 2017	27	51	36
Aug 2017	24	40	36
Sep 2017	23	28	34
Oct 2017	30	47	34
Nov 2017	31	44	39
Dec 2017	31	36	32
Total 2017	345	597	423
Jan 2018	33	43	37
Feb 2018	25	43	30
Mar 2018	25	77	28
Apr 2018	30	55	22
May 2018	40	82	34
Jun 2018	30	54	25
Jul 2018	23	32	42
Aug 2018	13	30	23
Sep 2018	17	29	38
Oct 2018	10	34	29
Nov 2018	33	45	39
Dec 2018	20	43	59
Total 2018	299	567	406
Jan 2019	30	32	48
Feb 2019	18	35	40
Mar 2019	30	61	52
Apr 2019	25	45	53
May 2019	38	66	38
Jun 2019	15	33	46
Jul 2019	14	42	52
Aug 2019	13	129	50
Sep 2019	16	206	50
Oct 2019	16	317	34
Nov 2019	20	52	37
Dec 2019	12	45	23
Total 2019	247	1063	523
Jan 2020	14	44	27
Feb 2020	16	31	22
Mar 2020	15	38	38
Apr 2020	12	28	31
May 2020	13	35	36
Jun 2020	10	33	34
Jul 2020	8	24	23
Aug 2020	8	21	46
Sep 2020	17	45	49
Oct 2020	12	59	48
Nov 2020	30	69	86
Dec 2020	23	66	73
Total 2020	178	493	513
Jan 2021	19	74	53
Feb 2021	20	57	41
Total 2021	39	131	94
Total	9723	13005	13817