Loss of Dopamine Transporters in Methamphetamine Abusers Recovers with Protracted Abstinence

Nora D. Volkow; Linda Chang; Gene-Jack Wang; Joanna S. Fowler; Dinko Franceschi; Mark Sedler; Samuel J. Gatley; Eric Miller; Robert Hitzemann; Yu-Shin Ding; Jean Logan

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09414.2001

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09414.2001

PubMed

11717374

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Received August 8, 2001
Revision received September 13, 2001
Accepted September 19, 2001
First published December 1, 2001.

Version of record published December 1, 2001.

Author Information

Nora D. Volkow1,3,
Linda Chang1,3,
Gene-Jack Wang1,
Joanna S. Fowler2,
Dinko Franceschi1,
Mark Sedler3,
Samuel J. Gatley1,
Eric Miller4,
Robert Hitzemann3,
Yu-Shin Ding1, and
Jean Logan1

¹Medical and
²Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973,
³Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, and
⁴Department of Psychiatry, Harbor–University of California, Los Angeles, Torrance, California 90502

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Disclosures

Received August 8, 2001.
Revision received September 13, 2001.
Accepted September 19, 2001.

This research was performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory and was supported by United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research Grant DE-AC02-98CH10886, National Institute on Drug Abuse Grants DA06891, DA7092-01, and DA00280, General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) at Harbor–University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center National Institutes of Health Grant MO1RR 00425, GCRC at University Hospital Stony Brook National Institutes of Health Grant MO1RR 10710, and the Office of National Drug Control Policy. We thank D. Schlyer and R. Carciello for Cyclotron operations, D. Warner for PET operations, C. Wong for data management, R. Ferrieri, C. Shea, R. MacGregor, V. Garza, and P. King for radiotracer preparation and analysis, and N. Pappas, N. Netusil, and Pauline Carter for patient care.
Correspondence should be addressed to Nora D. Volkow, Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973. E-mail:volkow{at}bnl.gov.

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Nov 2001	139	152	105
Dec 2001	262	240	217
Total 2001	401	392	322
Jan 2002	37	97	47
Feb 2002	24	77	42
Mar 2002	22	69	28
Apr 2002	12	58	43
May 2002	16	62	48
Jun 2002	5	23	15
Jul 2002	8	28	17
Aug 2002	9	41	27
Sep 2002	12	42	31
Oct 2002	20	63	34
Nov 2002	13	57	21
Dec 2002	3	34	24
Total 2002	181	651	377
Jan 2003	13	28	18
Feb 2003	8	48	29
Mar 2003	25	36	44
Apr 2003	28	57	46
May 2003	29	62	29
Jun 2003	24	33	34
Jul 2003	16	54	36
Aug 2003	83	38	25
Sep 2003	89	43	19
Oct 2003	98	44	32
Nov 2003	100	60	37
Dec 2003	80	42	25
Total 2003	593	545	374
Jan 2004	68	27	11
Feb 2004	49	64	31
Mar 2004	71	63	42
Apr 2004	73	74	33
May 2004	71	57	40
Jun 2004	88	30	21
Jul 2004	96	35	17
Aug 2004	71	35	23
Sep 2004	45	42	15
Oct 2004	46	62	35
Nov 2004	38	70	39
Dec 2004	30	48	16
Total 2004	746	607	323
Jan 2005	43	58	26
Feb 2005	55	69	38
Mar 2005	44	57	37
Apr 2005	46	34	27
May 2005	27	39	20
Jun 2005	27	32	22
Jul 2005	28	74	26
Aug 2005	41	64	36
Sep 2005	22	67	24
Oct 2005	37	72	22
Nov 2005	48	79	40
Dec 2005	24	85	38
Total 2005	442	730	356
Jan 2006	25	185	32
Feb 2006	43	83	30
Mar 2006	32	104	33
Apr 2006	56	102	64
May 2006	39	64	52
Jun 2006	39	32	27
Jul 2006	26	38	25
Aug 2006	33	40	21
Sep 2006	49	24	37
Oct 2006	50	52	32
Nov 2006	53	44	49
Dec 2006	40	36	49
Total 2006	485	804	451
Jan 2007	51	22	34
Feb 2007	53	59	52
Mar 2007	80	56	45
Apr 2007	76	53	43
May 2007	39	40	53
Jun 2007	25	25	33
Jul 2007	30	27	29
Aug 2007	20	15	29
Sep 2007	26	38	41
Oct 2007	34	51	44
Nov 2007	47	38	50
Dec 2007	27	42	44
Total 2007	508	466	497
Jan 2008	22	39	28
Feb 2008	28	34	56
Mar 2008	44	41	60
Apr 2008	34	39	54
May 2008	51	58	70
Jun 2008	42	23	59
Jul 2008	60	27	80
Aug 2008	50	28	58
Sep 2008	73	28	63
Oct 2008	57	25	63
Nov 2008	82	41	68
Dec 2008	59	36	73
Total 2008	602	419	732
Jan 2009	59	35	51
Feb 2009	56	39	61
Mar 2009	62	49	72
Apr 2009	76	39	97
May 2009	44	61	73
Jun 2009	45	31	52
Jul 2009	62	29	55
Aug 2009	53	37	70
Sep 2009	56	50	69
Oct 2009	64	55	70
Nov 2009	53	60	86
Dec 2009	47	22	62
Total 2009	677	507	818
Jan 2010	45	43	75
Feb 2010	50	38	71
Mar 2010	58	50	88
Apr 2010	68	68	62
May 2010	48	67	60
Jun 2010	37	39	58
Jul 2010	39	49	83
Aug 2010	48	57	70
Sep 2010	43	45	55
Oct 2010	40	60	67
Nov 2010	59	76	82
Dec 2010	53	52	62
Total 2010	588	644	833
Jan 2011	49	71	65
Feb 2011	44	55	58
Mar 2011	60	39	59
Apr 2011	60	60	51
May 2011	68	82	44
Jun 2011	29	30	45
Jul 2011	53	40	56
Aug 2011	78	55	76
Sep 2011	76	120	54
Oct 2011	93	202	84
Nov 2011	57	52	84
Dec 2011	41	32	54
Total 2011	708	838	730
Jan 2012	47	46	77
Feb 2012	42	86	76
Mar 2012	49	57	83
Apr 2012	53	74	84
May 2012	61	91	102
Jun 2012	24	41	82
Jul 2012	30	51	92
Aug 2012	24	30	81
Sep 2012	29	34	97
Oct 2012	47	48	90
Nov 2012	57	72	89
Dec 2012	35	57	83
Total 2012	498	687	1036
Jan 2013	36	73	104
Feb 2013	39	71	78
Mar 2013	35	83	97
Apr 2013	52	188	148
May 2013	43	129	147
Jun 2013	16	57	98
Jul 2013	31	72	71
Aug 2013	31	47	98
Sep 2013	37	79	73
Oct 2013	45	224	148
Nov 2013	31	126	154
Dec 2013	34	81	107
Total 2013	430	1230	1323
Jan 2014	81	83	107
Feb 2014	45	142	144
Mar 2014	57	136	145
Apr 2014	54	140	178
May 2014	56	113	156
Jun 2014	44	72	100
Jul 2014	40	111	117
Aug 2014	30	69	108
Sep 2014	30	113	91
Oct 2014	36	106	47
Nov 2014	40	143	41
Dec 2014	56	108	136
Total 2014	569	1336	1370
Jan 2015	41	134	177
Feb 2015	53	114	194
Mar 2015	56	103	193
Apr 2015	50	125	167
May 2015	55	116	134
Jun 2015	29	60	123
Jul 2015	27	75	96
Aug 2015	41	87	125
Sep 2015	33	114	104
Oct 2015	44	92	146
Nov 2015	55	113	168
Dec 2015	77	82	135
Total 2015	561	1215	1762
Jan 2016	55	90	131
Feb 2016	190	78	141
Mar 2016	41	95	111
Apr 2016	35	107	139
May 2016	34	147	151
Jun 2016	25	116	127
Jul 2016	15	78	78
Aug 2016	25	88	119
Sep 2016	13	75	102
Oct 2016	8	92	144
Nov 2016	7	112	66
Dec 2016	16	120	113
Total 2016	464	1198	1422
Jan 2017	11	133	47
Feb 2017	24	164	55
Mar 2017	32	128	59
Apr 2017	23	74	68
May 2017	33	89	38
Jun 2017	16	76	44
Jul 2017	27	87	41
Aug 2017	15	67	24
Sep 2017	20	48	46
Oct 2017	39	107	58
Nov 2017	15	83	87
Dec 2017	24	99	79
Total 2017	279	1155	646
Jan 2018	23	114	70
Feb 2018	7	97	45
Mar 2018	4	107	70
Apr 2018	4	153	35
May 2018	6	142	49
Jun 2018	6	124	34
Jul 2018	19	140	53
Aug 2018	18	95	79
Sep 2018	21	98	59
Oct 2018	25	79	62
Nov 2018	13	122	77
Dec 2018	14	109	66
Total 2018	160	1380	699
Jan 2019	19	112	51
Feb 2019	22	138	55
Mar 2019	18	127	57
Apr 2019	25	148	50
May 2019	37	145	60
Jun 2019	23	118	44
Jul 2019	16	164	48
Aug 2019	16	144	44
Sep 2019	13	164	41
Oct 2019	30	201	90
Nov 2019	18	240	67
Dec 2019	18	200	42
Total 2019	255	1901	649
Jan 2020	24	275	39
Feb 2020	20	217	58
Mar 2020	27	243	52
Apr 2020	37	257	67
May 2020	39	326	61
Jun 2020	10	213	58
Jul 2020	8	209	43
Aug 2020	0	15	1
Total 2020	165	1755	379
Total	9312	18460	15099