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Release of Hypocretin (Orexin) during Waking and Sleep States

Lyudmila I. Kiyashchenko, Boris Y. Mileykovskiy, Nigel Maidment, Hoa A. Lam, Ming-Fung Wu, Joshi John, John Peever and Jerome M. Siegel
Journal of Neuroscience 1 July 2002, 22 (13) 5282-5286; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05282.2002
Lyudmila I. Kiyashchenko
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, and
2Veterans Administration of Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-Sepulveda, North Hills, California 91343, and
3Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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Boris Y. Mileykovskiy
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, and
2Veterans Administration of Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-Sepulveda, North Hills, California 91343, and
3Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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Nigel Maidment
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, and
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Hoa A. Lam
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, and
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Ming-Fung Wu
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, and
2Veterans Administration of Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-Sepulveda, North Hills, California 91343, and
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Joshi John
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, and
2Veterans Administration of Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-Sepulveda, North Hills, California 91343, and
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John Peever
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, and
2Veterans Administration of Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-Sepulveda, North Hills, California 91343, and
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Jerome M. Siegel
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, and
2Veterans Administration of Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-Sepulveda, North Hills, California 91343, and
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    Fig. 1.

    Sleep-cycle release of Hcrt. A–C, Location of the tips of dialysis probes in the HYP, BF, and LC.CI, Internal capsule; CO, optic chasm;f, fornix; LH, lateral hypothalamus.D–F, Hcrt levels across the sleep–waking states in the HYP, BF, and LC. Sleep-state values differ as a function of state (HYP,p < 0.003, F = 4.7, df = 3254; BF, p < 0.03, F = 3.2, df = 3133). Tukey's test; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.02; ***p < 0.002. Hcrt release is maximal during AW and REM sleep and minimal during SWS and QW in the HYP and BF.

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    Fig. 2.

    Hypnogram (A) and Hcrt levels (B) in the HYP across the sleep cycle. Circles indicate points at which dialysate was taken. Hcrt levels are maximal after long AW and REM sleep periods and minimal after SWS periods.

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    Fig. 3.

    Concentrations of Hcrt-1 in the CSF during AW and QW. Left, Actigraph readings reflect greater levels of head movement during active waking. Right, Hcrt levels are significantly higher in CSF taken after a 2 hr AW period than after a 2 hr QW period. **p < 0.02;t = 3.4; df = 5.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 22 (13)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 22, Issue 13
1 Jul 2002
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Release of Hypocretin (Orexin) during Waking and Sleep States
Lyudmila I. Kiyashchenko, Boris Y. Mileykovskiy, Nigel Maidment, Hoa A. Lam, Ming-Fung Wu, Joshi John, John Peever, Jerome M. Siegel
Journal of Neuroscience 1 July 2002, 22 (13) 5282-5286; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05282.2002

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Release of Hypocretin (Orexin) during Waking and Sleep States
Lyudmila I. Kiyashchenko, Boris Y. Mileykovskiy, Nigel Maidment, Hoa A. Lam, Ming-Fung Wu, Joshi John, John Peever, Jerome M. Siegel
Journal of Neuroscience 1 July 2002, 22 (13) 5282-5286; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05282.2002
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Keywords

  • hypocretin
  • orexin
  • microdialysis
  • sleep–waking cycle
  • motor activity
  • cataplexy

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