Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Reelin mRNA expression in a representative sample of a human control hippocampus. a, Hippocampal areas in cresyl violet stain. The inset is shown inb. Scale bar, 400 μm. b, Portion of the dentate gyrus framed in a. The GCL is densely packed. Scale bar, 80 μm. c, ISH for reelin mRNA. Many reelin mRNA-positive cells with bipolar morphology resembling CR cells are observed at the hippocampal fissure (arrows). Same magnification as in b. CA1, CA2, CA3, Hippocampal subfields; ML, Dentate molecular layer.
- Fig. 2.
Reelin mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus of control and epileptic cases. a–d, Reelin mRNA expression in representative samples of epileptic hippocampi with mild (a, b) and severe (c, d) GCD. Consecutive sections are shown in cresyl violet stain and after ISH for reelin mRNA. Arrows point to reelin mRNA-positive cells at the hippocampal fissure. Scale bars: a, b, 100 μm;c, d, 50 μm. e, f, Correlation of the GCD (width of the GCL) and number of reelin mRNA-expressing CR cells in sections of seven control hippocampi (white bars) and 15 epileptic hippocampi with AHS (gray bars). Data are represented as mean ± SD. ML, Dentate molecular layer.
- Fig. 3.
Expression profiles of reelin signal-transduction components in epileptic human hippocampi.a, Histogram showing the amounts of reelin mRNA in the dentate gyrus of individual epileptic human hippocampi (n = 7). Reelin mRNA levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in extracts from microdissected dentate gyri. Two measurements for each individual case were performed. Quantification included the addition of an external standard and volume measurement of the microdissected region. b, d, f, Histograms showing the expression levels of VLDLR (b), ApoER2 (d), and dab1 (f) mRNA in the dentate gyrus of individual epileptic human hippocampi. The epileptic cases (n = 7) were identical to the ones shown in a. c, Histogram showing the width of the GCL in the dentate gyrus of individual epileptic hippocampi. The width of the GCL was measured in cresyl violet-stained sections of the same cases (n = 7) as shown ina. e, Correlation of reelin mRNA levels and the width of the GCL. The reelin mRNA levels shown ina were plotted against the width of the GCL (c). g, Expression of dab1 mRNA in granule cells of a normal human dentate gyrus visualized by ISH.h, Expression of dab1 mRNA in the dentate gyrus of a TLE patient. Note dab1 mRNA in dispersed granule cells. Scale bars, 80 μm (g, h). ML, Dentate molecular layer.
Tables
Patient Age Sex Onset Duration Frequency Seizure TLE group 1 (for ISH) I1 17 M 14 3 Not known SPS, CPS I2 16 M 4.5 11.5 3–4/month SPS, CPS I3 32 F 2 30 2–3/month SPS, CPS I4 53 M 38 15 Not known SPS, CPS I5 31 M 2 29 Not known CPS, sGS I6 39 F 1.5 37.5 2–8/month SPS, CPS, sGS I7 43 M 35 8 3–4/month SPS, CPS I8 57 F 7 50 Not known SPS, CPS I9 33 F 20 13 5/month SPS, CPS, sGS I10 44 F 6 36 3/month CPS I11 18 M 2 16 2–3/month SPS, CPS, sGS I12 44 M 6 38 2–3/month SPS, CPS, sGS I13 40 M 30 10 6–10/year SPS, CPS, sGS I14 34 M 4 30 2–3/month SPS, CPS, sGS I15 52 F 8 44 3–4/month SPS, CPS, sGS TLE group 2 (for PCR) P1 27 F 13 14 1–3/month SPS, CPS, sGS P2 29 M 1.5 27 Not known SPS, CPS, sGS P3 41 F 18 23 6–7/month SPS, CPS, sGS P4 32 M 8 24 2/week SPS, CPS, sGS P5 22 F 11 11 2/week SPS, CPS P6 38 M 8 30 Not known SPS, CPS P7 37 F Not known Not known Not known Not known Autopsy group 3 A1 24 M — — — — A2 33 F — — — — A3 34 M — — — — A4 48 M — — — — A5 19 F — — — — A6 5 M — — — — A7 35 M — — — — Groups indicate the patients and cases used for ISH and PCR experiments. Age represents the age of the patients at surgery (TLE) or death (autopsy). Onset refers to the age at which a first epileptic seizure was documented. Duration indicates the duration of the epileptic disorder in years. Frequency indicates the frequency of seizure attacks, and seizure indicates the type of seizure (SPS, single partial seizure; sGS, secondary generalized seizure). M, Male; F, female.
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