Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Experimental set up and behavioral results.a, Schematic of the experimental design.b, Sagittal section of the T1 MNI reference brain (Cocosco et al., 1997) demonstrating location of transverse functional image acquisition (yellow) and the position of the coronal saturation pulse (blue). c,Serial position curve for the 14 subjects. Recall performance (± 1 SE) has been collapsed across sessions within subjects and averaged across subjects.
- Fig. 2.
Medial temporal encoding-related activation predictive of subsequent memory. a, Greater activation in left perirhinal cortex (x, y,z coordinates, −30, −4, −36; Z = 3.07; p < 0.005) for subsequently remembered versus forgotten words. ai, Coronal section of the reference T1 image (y = −4) with the region displayed in aii indicated by the white rectangle. aii, Top panel,Coronal sections of left temporal lobe of (from left to right) the T1 reference image and the average functional image from the 14 subjects. The yellow lineindicates the collateral sulcus. A, Amygdala.Bottom panel, The SPM (threshold p< 0.01), demonstrating perirhinal activation in the depths of the collateral sulcus, is superimposed on the mean functional image from a single subject and the average functional image from the 14 subjects. The colored bar indicates the T statistic of the activation. aiii, Parameter estimates (± 1 SE) for the height of the hemodynamic response in left perirhinal cortex for subsequently remembered (R) and forgotten (F) words (units are arbitrary). The parameter estimates, here and in Figure 3, have been collapsed across sessions within subjects, and averaged across subjects. b,Hippocampal–entorhinal responses predict subsequent memory. Activation in left hippocampus (−22, −26, −16; Z = 3.74;p < 0.001), bordering with left entorhinal cortex, was greater for remembered than forgotten words. bi,Coronal section of the reference T1 image (y= −26) with white rectangle depicting the region shown by the two coronal sections in bii below.bii, Coronal sections of left temporal lobe of the T1 reference image (leftpanel) and the average functional image from the 14 subjects (right panel). The outline of the hippocampus (H) is traced inyellow. E, Entorhinal cortex;PHG, parahippocampal gyrus. biii, The SPM (threshold p < 0.01) has been superimposed on a coronal section (y = −26) of the mean functional from a single subject (top panel) and the average functional image from the 14 subjects (bottom panel) to illustrate activation in left hippocampus. The coronal sections show that right entorhinal cortex (22, −26, −20;Z = 2.78; p < 0.005) was also predictive of subsequent memory. biv, Parameter estimates for responses in left hippocampus as fora.
- Fig. 3.
Neuronal correlates of the primacy effect.a, A significant interaction between subsequent memory and list position (initial versus body) was observed in right anterior hippocampus (28, −16, −22; Z = 3.09;p < 0.001). ai, The SPM (thresholdp < 0.01) is superimposed on a coronal section (y = −16) of the mean functional from a single subject (top panel) and the average functional image from the 14 subjects (bottom panel). aii, Parameter estimates (± 1 SE) for the height of the hemodynamic response in right anterior hippocampus for remembered (R) and forgotten (F) words in the initial and list body positions.b, Posterior fusiform and parahippocampal activation predicts subsequent memory for initial words only. bi,The SPM (p < 0.01) is superimposed on a sagittal section (x = 36) of the mean functional from a single subject (left) and the average functional image from the 14 subjects (right) to demonstrate right posterior fusiform (38, −68, −14; Z = 3.91;p < 0.001) and right parahippocampal (36, −24, −24; Z = 3.25; p < 0.001) activation. A significant interaction was also observed in left posterior fusiform cortex (−42, −58, −12; Z = 3.79; p < 0.001) and left parahippocampal gyrus (−32, −26, −22; Z = 3.04; p< 0.005). Parameter estimates for responses in right posterior fusiform (bii) and right parahippocampal gyrus (biii) are plotted below.
