Skip to main content

Umbrella menu

  • SfN.org
  • eNeuro
  • The Journal of Neuroscience
  • Neuronline
  • BrainFacts.org

Main menu

  • HOME
  • CONTENT
    • Early Release
    • Featured
    • Current Issue
    • Issue Archive
    • Collections
  • ALERTS
  • FOR AUTHORS
    • Preparing a Manuscript
    • Submission Guidelines
    • Fees
    • Journal Club
    • eLetters
    • Submit
  • EDITORIAL BOARD
  • ABOUT
    • Overview
    • Advertise
    • For the Media
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Privacy Policy
    • Feedback
  • SUBSCRIBE
  • SfN.org
  • eNeuro
  • The Journal of Neuroscience
  • Neuronline
  • BrainFacts.org

User menu

  • Log in
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Neuroscience
  • Log in
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • My Cart
Journal of Neuroscience

Advanced Search

Submit a Manuscript
  • HOME
  • CONTENT
    • Early Release
    • Featured
    • Current Issue
    • Issue Archive
    • Collections
  • ALERTS
  • FOR AUTHORS
    • Preparing a Manuscript
    • Submission Guidelines
    • Fees
    • Journal Club
    • eLetters
    • Submit
  • EDITORIAL BOARD
  • ABOUT
    • Overview
    • Advertise
    • For the Media
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Privacy Policy
    • Feedback
  • SUBSCRIBE
PreviousNext
ARTICLE, Behavioral/Systems

Effectiveness of Estrogen Replacement in Restoration of Cognitive Function after Long-Term Estrogen Withdrawal in Aging Rats

Alicja L. Markowska and Alena V. Savonenko
Journal of Neuroscience 15 December 2002, 22 (24) 10985-10995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10985.2002
Alicja L. Markowska
1Neuromnemonics Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Alena V. Savonenko
1Neuromnemonics Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Fig. 1.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 1.

    Design of the experiment and group treatment.Sham, Control rats with sham surgery in which ovaries were spared. OVX, Ovariectomized rats. E, Treatment with 17β-estradiol: i, acute, with injections; m, chronic, with implants. Injections of SCOP were applied during periods 4 and 5.

  • Fig. 2.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 2.

    The schedule of 17β-estradiol injections. One set consisted of the three injections as shown in the figure. Ovariectomized rats (group OVX2) received four sets of injections.

  • Fig. 3.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 3.

    The dynamics of body weight in control (sham surgery, open squares) and experimental [ovariectomized OVX1 (gray circles) and OVX2 (open triangles) ] groups of Fischer-344 rats during periods 1–7 of behavioral testing. A decrease in body weight during every period was attributable to food deprivation during testing in the DNMP task. Note that OVX rats gained weight compared with Sham rats, and this effect of ovariectomy was abolished quickly by both types of estrogen treatment (injections and implants).

  • Fig. 4.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 4.

    Plasma level of estrogen in Sham (diestrus) and OVX rats during behavioral testing (periods 1–7). The gray bar indicates the level of estrogen 1 hr after injection of 10 μg of 17β-estradiol (OVX2 group, open triangles). The plasma estrogen concentration tested 5 d after implantation of pellets with 17β-estradiol was similar in both OVX1 (period 6, open squares) and OVX2 (period 7) groups. The level of estrogen slightly decreased when tested 1 month after implantation (OVX1group, period 7). Filled circles, Sham.

  • Fig. 5.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 5.

    Aging-related changes in working memory tested in the DNMP task. Each point represents the average percentage of correct arm choices per group. Only sessions with regular, short-delay trials and without SCOP treatment are shown. The dashed linefor the OVX2 group (open triangles) indicates the age-related decline before the estrogen treatment. Thecaret indicates the onset of the age-related decline in the appropriate group as a result of a post hoc test (p < 0.05). The asteriskindicates a significant difference from the OVX1 group (open circles) during the period (simple main-effect ANOVA; p < 0.05). Open squares, Sham.

  • Fig. 6.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 6.

    Delay sensitivity of working memory in Sham (open bars) and OVX (shaded bars) rats.A–C represent the average percentage of correct arm choices in trials with different delays. D–F represent the maximum of consecutive correct choices. Asterisksindicate significant effects of ovariectomy as a result of a simple main-effect ANOVA (p < 0.05).

  • Fig. 7.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 7.

    Effect of systemic SCOP (Sc) administration on the accuracy of correct arm choices in OVX (gray circles) and Sham (open squares) groups (19-month-old rats, 6 months after ovariectomy). The inset shows the effect of the lowest dose of SCOP tested 1 month later. Note that OVX rats that received estrogen treatment (group OVX2) were still more sensitive to SCOP than Sham rats. Single anddouble asterisks indicate a significant SCOP-induced decline as a result of a post hoc test applied to the significant effect of dose in the OVX group (p < 0.01 or 0.001, respectively). A decline in the performance of Sham rats did not reach significance (p > 0.07). The pound signindicates a significant effect of SCOP as a result of a one-way, repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05).

  • Fig. 8.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 8.

    Effect of 17β-estradiol injections (A) and implants (B) on ovariectomy-induced deterioration in working memory. The accuracy of correct arm choices in control (Sham) rats is shown as 100%.A, Ovariectomized rats that received repeated injections of estrogen (group OVX2+Einjections, gray bars) improved their performance to a level similar to that of control rats. The performance of ovariectomized rats that did not receive estrogen replacement (OVX1, striped bars) deteriorating further during the testing (period 5). Theasterisks indicate a significant difference from control rats (p < 0.05). B, The treatment with estrogen implants was more effective in improving the performance of ovariectomized rats if treatment was preceded by estrogen injections (group OVX2, gray bars). The asterisk shows a significant increase in choice accuracy as an effect of estrogen implants; thearrow indicates a significant difference between OVX1 (striped bars) and OVX2groups in choice accuracy between 5 and 9 d after implantation (p < 0.05). The triangleindicates the higher performance of the OVX2 group compared with the OVX1 after a longer period of estrogen treatment; however, because the exact duration of the treatment was different in the OVX1 and OVX2 groups, the difference was not statistically determined.

  • Fig. 9.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 9.

    Performance of Sham and ovariectomized (groups OVX1 and OVX2) rats in platform (A) and probe (B) trials of the place discrimination task. The dotted line inB indicates chance level. The average speed of swimming during platform trials is shown in C. For treatments of OVX1 (gray circles) and OVX2 (gray triangles) groups, see Figure 1. Pound signs indicate a significant improvement in place discrimination attributable to retesting compared with period 1 (post hoc test applied to a significant effect of period; p < 0.05).Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and ovariectomized rats (OVX1 and OVX2) as a result of a post hoc test applied to a significant effect of group (p< 0.05). Open squares, Sham.

  • Fig. 10.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 10.

    The preference for the quadrants with and without the platform tested after the first (A) and second (B) session in the repeated acquisition task. Each bar indicates the time spent in the quadrant with the most recent platform location (mean ± SEM). The time spent in the quadrant with a previous platform location is indicated as a marker (mean).Thick lines indicate a range of preferences for two other nonplatform quadrants. The previous correct quadrant for session 1 was a quadrant with a platform location used in the place discrimination task. See Figure 1 for treatments for the OVX1 and OVX2 groups. Significant between-groups differences in the preference for the correct quadrant were revealed only in the first session, in which a change in the platform location coincided with partial changes in spatial cues.Asterisks indicate a significant difference from Sham rats as a result of a post hoc test applied to a significant effect of group (p < 0.05).

Back to top

In this issue

The Journal of Neuroscience: 22 (24)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 22, Issue 24
15 Dec 2002
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Email

Thank you for sharing this Journal of Neuroscience article.

NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Effectiveness of Estrogen Replacement in Restoration of Cognitive Function after Long-Term Estrogen Withdrawal in Aging Rats
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal of Neuroscience
(Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Journal of Neuroscience.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Print
View Full Page PDF
Citation Tools
Effectiveness of Estrogen Replacement in Restoration of Cognitive Function after Long-Term Estrogen Withdrawal in Aging Rats
Alicja L. Markowska, Alena V. Savonenko
Journal of Neuroscience 15 December 2002, 22 (24) 10985-10995; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10985.2002

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Respond to this article
Request Permissions
Share
Effectiveness of Estrogen Replacement in Restoration of Cognitive Function after Long-Term Estrogen Withdrawal in Aging Rats
Alicja L. Markowska, Alena V. Savonenko
Journal of Neuroscience 15 December 2002, 22 (24) 10985-10995; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10985.2002
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • Footnotes
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF

Keywords

  • ovariectomy
  • cholinergic system
  • scopolamine
  • working memory
  • attention
  • body weight

Responses to this article

Respond to this article

Jump to comment:

No eLetters have been published for this article.

Related Articles

Cited By...

More in this TOC Section

ARTICLE

  • Calcium Influx via L- and N-Type Calcium Channels Activates a Transient Large-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+Current in Mouse Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons
  • Neural Correlates of Competing Fear Behaviors Evoked by an Innately Aversive Stimulus
  • Distinct Developmental Modes and Lesion-Induced Reactions of Dendrites of Two Classes of Drosophila Sensory Neurons
Show more ARTICLE

Behavioral/Systems

  • Direct Projections from Cochlear Nuclear Complex to Auditory Thalamus in the Rat
  • Mice Lacking D5 Dopamine Receptors Have Increased Sympathetic Tone and Are Hypertensive
Show more Behavioral/Systems
  • Home
  • Alerts
  • Visit Society for Neuroscience on Facebook
  • Follow Society for Neuroscience on Twitter
  • Follow Society for Neuroscience on LinkedIn
  • Visit Society for Neuroscience on Youtube
  • Follow our RSS feeds

Content

  • Early Release
  • Current Issue
  • Issue Archive
  • Collections

Information

  • For Authors
  • For Advertisers
  • For the Media
  • For Subscribers

About

  • About the Journal
  • Editorial Board
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
  • Feedback
(JNeurosci logo)
(SfN logo)

Copyright © 2021 by the Society for Neuroscience.
JNeurosci Online ISSN: 1529-2401

The ideas and opinions expressed in JNeurosci do not necessarily reflect those of SfN or the JNeurosci Editorial Board. Publication of an advertisement or other product mention in JNeurosci should not be construed as an endorsement of the manufacturer’s claims. SfN does not assume any responsibility for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to any use of any material contained in JNeurosci.