Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Exclusive action of hcrt-orx on cortical neurons of sublayer 6b in the SSp. A, Toluidin blue counterstained cortical slice slab containing two recorded neurons (arrowheads) labeled with neurobiotin in sublayers 6a and 6b (separated by a horizontal band of fibers; *) and the responses of which to hcrt-oxr are shown in D and E. B1, Absence of response to hcrt-oxr of a neuron in layer 2/3. B2, Summarized results showing that all neurons of layer 2/3 were unresponsive to hcrt-oxr. n represents the total number of cells tested. C1, Absence of response to hcrt-oxr of a neuron in layer 4/5. C2, Summarized results showing that most neurons of layer 2/3 were unresponsive to hcrt-oxr (see Results). D1, Absence of response to hcrt-oxr of a neuron in layer 6a. D2, Summarized results showing that most neurons of layer 6a were unresponsive to hcrt-oxr (see Results). E1, Depolarizing response to hcrt-oxr of a neuron in layer 6b. E2, Summarized results showing that all neurons of layer 6b were depolarized by hcrt-oxr. F1, F2, Enlargement of neurons 1 and 2 from A. Scale bar, 15 μm. G, Increase in PSPs in a layer 5 neuron (middle panel) is impeded in the presence of a low calcium-high magnesium ACSF. Calibration: 5 mV, 2 sec. CC, Corpus callosum.
- Figure 2.
Mechanism of action of hcrt-oxr on SSp sublayer 6b cortical neurons. A, B, Response to hcrt-oxr in the presence of TTX at 1 μm (A) or in the presence of a modified ACSF containing 0.1 mm Ca2+ and 10 mm Mg2+ (B). C, Dose-responses to hcrt2-oxrB applied between 10 and 50 nm. D, Comparison of the depolarization induced by hcrt1-oxrA and hcrt2-oxrB (applied at 30 nm).
- Figure 3.
Hcrt-oxr blocks a K current. A, Voltage-clamp ramps in absence (1) or presence (2) of hcrt-oxr with Ko at 6.25 mm. B, Voltage-clamp ramps in absence (3) or presence (4) of hcrt-oxr with Ko at 12.0 mm. C, Subtractions of curves from A (1, 2) and B (3, 4). Inset, Reversal potentials for both conditions with respect to Nernst relationship (see Materials and Methods).
- Figure 4.
Exclusive action of hcrt-oxr in sublayer 6b in primary visual cortex, primary motor cortex, and cingulate cortex. A, B, Excitatory action of hcrt-oxr on sublayer 6b neurons of the primary visual cortex (A), primary motor cortex (B1), and cingulate cortex (B2). Scale bar, 15 μm (in all insets showing infrared images of recorded cells). AQ, Aqueduct; CP, caudate-putamen; DG, dentate gyrus; LS, lateral septum; LV, lateral ventricle; PAG, periacqueductal gray.
