Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Timeline of experiments (for details, see Materials and Methods).
- Figure 2.
Lasting increase of MEP amplitude in the resting APB muscle induced by PAS (PASN20; squares) and MEP decrease induced by PASN20-5 (circles). The times of MEP testing are denoted on the x-axis (compare Fig. 1). MEPs are normalized to MEP amplitude measured at B1. Each subject was tested twice (session 1, black symbols; session 2, white symbols). All data are the means ± 1 SEM from six subjects.
- Figure 3.
Changes in MEP amplitude induced by MP alone in the LTP (squares) and LTD (circles) groups. Otherwise, arrangement and conventions are as in Figure 2.
- Figure 4.
Interactions between MP and PASN20. Black squares indicate the lasting increase in MEP amplitude induced by PASN20 alone (average of PASN20 sessions 1 and 2 in Fig. 2). Gray and white squares show the changes in MEP amplitude if PASN20 was preceded by MP associated with learning. White squares refer to the control experiment in which any increase in MEP amplitude induced by MP was compensated for by reduction in fTMS intensity (reinstallation of MEP1mV at B1). Otherwise, arrangement and conventions are as in Figure 2. Note that motor learning prevented the lasting increase in MEP amplitude induced by PASN20 alone.
- Figure 5.
Interactions between MP and PASN20-5. Arrangement and conventions are as in Figure 4. Note that motor learning enhanced the lasting decrease in MEP amplitude induced by PASN20-5 alone.
- Figure 6.
Interactions of MPslow with PASN20 and PASN20-5. Squares show normalized MEP amplitudes in the PASN20 alone (black) and MPslow+PASN20 (gray) conditions, and circles show MEP amplitudes in the PASN20-5 alone (black) and MPslow+PASN20-5 (gray) conditions. Note that MPslow had no effect on either the lasting increase in MEP amplitude induced by PASN20 alone or the lasting decrease in MEP amplitude induced by PASN20-5 alone.
Tables
- Table 1.
Peak acceleration (ACC) (m/sec2) and MEP amplitude (mV) before and after motor learning
LTP group LTD group B0 B1 B0 B1 p Peak ACC 7.71 ± 2.9 11.42 ± 4.26 5.17 ± 1.10 6.55 ± 3.71 B0, 0.10; B1, 0.08 Peak ACC (B1/B0) 1.56 ± 0.65 1.23 ± 0.58 0.41 MEP 0.94 ± 0.21 1.52 ± 0.46 1.16 ± 0.22 1.42 ± 0.28 B0, 0.11; B1, 0.67 MEP (B1/B0) 1.66 ± 0.58 1.26 ± 0.38 0.22 -
Values are means ± SD (n = 6, LTP group; n = 5, LTD group). p values indicate comparisons between the LTP and LTD groups (unpaired t test).
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