Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
a, Examples of the three cueing conditions in the experiment. Each trial began with a central fixation point surrounded by a diamond. The cue display then appeared for 100 ms. After an ISI, the target letter (T or L) appeared in either the left or right location for 150 ms. During the behavioral (Beh.) experiment, ISIs were either 50 or 600 ms, corresponding to cue-target SOAs of 150 and 700 ms, where as, in the fMRI experiment, the ISI and SOA were 2060 and 2160 ms, respectively. Participants made a two-alternative forced-choice decision regarding the identity of the letter (T vs L). b, Group-averaged RT data from the behavioral session. c, Group-averaged RT data from the fMRI session.
- Figure 2.
Cue period. Voxels with a significant interaction of cue type (exogenous, endogenous, and neutral) by time in a group ANOVA, corrected for multiple comparisons, are shown. Because no voxels showed a significant interaction in right ventral frontoparietal regions (IFG and TPJ), ROIs for these regions were determined from the voxelwise map of the interaction of validity by time during the target period in the endogenous condition (ROIs defined by black outlines). Group-averaged time courses are shown for four dorsal-frontal parietal regions that showed significant cue type by time interactions in the voxel-level map and for the two ventral ROIs defined from the target period.
- Figure 3.
Cue period. Voxels in the lateral occipital cortex (LO) and the anterior fusiform (Fus) with a significant interaction of cue type (exogenous and endogenous) by time in a group ANOVA, corrected for multiple comparisons, are shown. Group-averaged time courses are also shown.
- Figure 4.
Target period. Voxels with a significant interaction of cue type (exogenous and endogenous) by validity by time in a group ANOVA, corrected for multiple comparisons (FEF, SMG, and insula), are shown. For comparison, the regions in the IFG and SMG defined by the interaction of validity by time in the endogenous condition are also shown (black outline). Group-averaged time courses are also shown for the cue type by validity by time interaction ROIs, with the exception of the right IFG shown from the validity by time in the endogenous condition only.
Tables
Cue period: cue type (endo/exo/neut) by time Cue period: cue type (endo/exo) by time x y z z-score x y z z-score Occipital L LO −33 −86 −1 5.67 −33 −84 −5 5.30 −36 −67 −11 4.73 −38 −68 −10 3.28 L LO/MT −43 −72 1 4.13 −44 −71 1 3.70 R LO 33 −84 1 6.30 33 −84 1 5.69 40 −67 −10 5.19 38 −69 −7 4.27 37 −76 −6 4.50 L cuneus −16 −93 8 4.18 −14 −92 10 4.03 R cuneus 3 −83 13 3.26 14 −90 8 4.25 R fusiform 46 −43 −19 3.97 L ITG −62 −53 −11 3.81 Parietal L vIPS −27 −59 34 3.78 R vIPS 31 −61 33 3.97 33 −63 35 3.53 L ant IPS −38 −50 46 3.84 −38 −50 50 3.61 R ant IPS 36 −49 49 4.56 32 −50 53 4.00 30 −50 39 4.46 38 −50 42 3.25 25 −51 49 4.17 26 −45 44 3.62 L pos IPS/SPL −19 −60 52 4.50 −23 −57 54 3.90 −13 −59 51 3.15 R pos IPS/SPL 16 −63 47 4.24 L precuneus −7 −78 25 4.73 −6 −79 25 3.51 −1 −78 43 4.01 −1 −78 45 3.70 R precuneus 8 −69 28 3.65 10 −73 37 3.40 5 −49 50 4.52 2 −49 48 3.78 Frontal L precentral −47 −5 37 3.31 −36 −5 35 3.39 R precentral 44 −11 44 4.00 L SFS −29 −4 49 3.66 L SFS/PreCS (FEF) −26 −12 42 4.94 −28 −4 48 3.55 R SFS/PreCS (FEF) 24 −12 54 4.56 38 −11 54 3.46 33 −15 40 3.70 R SMA 11 −16 60 3.87 −2 −16 55 3.72 R IFG 34 47 −4 3.80 -
Talairach coordinates and z-scores for voxelwise interaction of cue type (endogenous, exogenous, and neutral) by time (left) and cue type (endogenous and exogenous) by time (right) are shown. LO, Lateral occipital complex; MT, middle temporal complex; neut, neutral; pos, posterior; PreCS, precentral sulcus; SFS, superior frontal sulcus; SMA, supplementary motor area; SPL, superior parietal lobule; vIPS, ventral extension of IPS.
-
Target: endogenous condition validity (valid/invalid) by time Target: cue type (endo/exo) by validity (valid/invalid) by time Regions x y z z-score x y z z-score R pos IPS/SPL 14 −68 46 3.84 R ang/SOG 33 −78 28 4.47 L SMG (TPJ) −57 −43 31 4.02 R SMG (TPJ) 51 −51 26 4.04 54 −48 30 3.66 L ant insula −32 14 −1 3.7 R ant insula 35 18 7 3.56 R IFG 48 12 12 4 L SFS/PreCS −25 −13 45 4.12 L SFS/PreCS −25 −11 55 3.25 R SFS/PreCS 26 −6 60 3.64 27 −7 60 3.78 R SMA 9 2 56 4.07 -
Talairach coordinates and z-scores for voxelwise interaction of validity by time for the endogenous condition (left) and cue type (endogenous and exogenous) by validity by time (right) are shown. ang, Angular gyrus; pos, posterior; PreCS, precentral sulcus; SFS, superior frontal sulcus; SMA, supplementary motor area; SOG, superior occipital gyrus; SPL, superior parietal lobule.
-
