Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
HFS-induced potentiation of reflex blinks elicited by stimulation of the right SO nerve. Blink reflexes were elicited by a 2T stimulus given to the right SO nerve. Stimulation of the previously HFS-treated SO nerve revealed a bilateral increase in R2 size in patients and controls. The bilateral increase in R2 area was significantly larger in patients. The left panel illustrates the relative change in mean R2 area after HFS conditioning of the right SO nerve. R2 areas are given as a percentage of the R2 area at baseline in controls (open columns) and in patients (filled columns) for both eyelids. Each error bar represents SEM. The right panel depicts individual changes in R2 response in a representative healthy control and patient (right OO, top; left OO, bottom). Each trace represents an average of five consecutive R2 responses. *p < 0.05.
- Figure 2.
Blink reflexes by stimulating left untreated side. No conditioning effect of right SO nerve HFS is present. In healthy subjects (open columns) and patients with BEB (filled columns), HFS conditioning of the right SO nerve produced no lasting changes in the size of the R2 response when reflex blinks were elicited by stimulation of the untreated SO nerve. The bar chart gives the relative change in mean R2 area of both eyelids at T0, T30, and T60. Mean R2 area is expressed as a percentage of the R2 response at baseline. Each error bar represents SEM.
- Figure 3.
Effect of BTX treatment on HFS-induced increase in blink reflex excitability. In eight patients with BEB, the conditioning effects of HFS to the right SO nerve were assessed before (open columns) and 1 month after BTX treatment (filled columns). Reflex blinks were elicited by a 2T stimulus given to the right SO nerve. The bar chart plots mean R2 areas of both eyelids at T0, T30, and T60. Mean R2 area is expressed as a percentage of the unconditioned R2 response. Each error bar represents SEM. Blink reflex potentiation was markedly reduced after BTX treatment. *p < 0.05.
- Figure 4.
Potentiation of reflex blinks induced by HFS conditioning at two stimulus intensities. The bar chart gives the relative change in mean R2 areas of both eyelids immediately after administration of the HFS protocol. The intensity for HFS was set at 200% (open columns) or 300% (filled columns) of the R2 threshold. Mean R2 area is expressed as a percentage of the unconditioned R2 response. Each error bar represents SEM.
- Figure 5.
Potentiation of reflex blinks induced by HFS conditioning during preactivation of the OO muscle. The bar chart plots the relative change in mean R2 areas before (open columns) and immediately after (filled columns) HFS conditioning during continuous or intermittent contraction of the OO muscle in five healthy subjects. Mean R2 area is expressed as a percentage of the unconditioned R2 response. Each error bar represents SEM.
Tables
Marsden-Schachter scale (1981) Patient Age (years) Gender Duration of disease (years) Before BTX After BTX Last treatment with botulinum toxin 1 67 M 14 3 2 6 months 2 46 M 5 4 1 4 months 3 70 F 10 2 1 6 months 4 50 M 13 1 0 1 year 5 45 F 10 2 1 7 months 6 79 F 12 1 0 3 years 7 60 M 5 2 1 4 months 8 60 M 4 2 2 6 months 9 61 F 4 3 2 4 months 10 67 F 5 3 1 5 months 11 72 F 11 1 0 6 months 12 72 M 12 1 0 6 months 13 59 F 9 2 1 6 months 14 65 F 10 2 1 7 months 15 81 F 9 2 1 1 year 16 38 M 4 1 1 No treatment -
F, Female; M, male.
-
