Cocaine Cues and Dopamine in Dorsal Striatum: Mechanism of Craving in Cocaine Addiction

Nora D. Volkow; Gene-Jack Wang; Frank Telang; Joanna S. Fowler; Jean Logan; Anna-Rose Childress; Millard Jayne; Yeming Ma; Christopher Wong

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006

PubMed

16775146

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Received April 10, 2006
Revision received May 8, 2006
Accepted May 14, 2006
First published June 14, 2006.

Version of record published June 14, 2006.

Author Information

Nora D. Volkow¹,
Gene-Jack Wang²,
Frank Telang¹,
Joanna S. Fowler³,
Jean Logan³,
Anna-Rose Childress⁴,
Millard Jayne¹,
Yeming Ma¹, and
Christopher Wong³

¹National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, ²Medical Department and ³Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and ⁴Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

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Disclosures

Received April 10, 2006.
Revision received May 8, 2006.
Accepted May 14, 2006.

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism), by United States Department of Energy Grant DE-AC01-76CH00016, and by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant DA06278-15. We thank David Schlyer, David Alexoff, Paul Vaska, Colleen Shea, Youwen Xu, Pauline Carter, Kith Pradhan, Karen Apelskog, Cheryl Kassed, and Jim Swanson for their contributions.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Nora D Volkow, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 5274, Bethesda, MD 20892. Email: nvolkow{at}nida.nih.gov

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jun 2006	929	267	751
Jul 2006	140	194	246
Aug 2006	77	112	117
Sep 2006	85	102	108
Oct 2006	66	94	99
Nov 2006	93	91	92
Dec 2006	35	79	64
Total 2006	1425	939	1477
Jan 2007	67	141	206
Feb 2007	79	148	150
Mar 2007	111	202	211
Apr 2007	112	189	194
May 2007	82	131	118
Jun 2007	38	92	77
Jul 2007	178	106	106
Aug 2007	55	78	74
Sep 2007	58	63	75
Oct 2007	86	104	113
Nov 2007	101	125	117
Dec 2007	70	78	65
Total 2007	1037	1457	1506
Jan 2008	69	93	89
Feb 2008	82	64	83
Mar 2008	104	102	90
Apr 2008	109	117	108
May 2008	94	92	76
Jun 2008	75	65	66
Jul 2008	45	70	64
Aug 2008	59	53	63
Sep 2008	70	67	58
Oct 2008	106	78	76
Nov 2008	82	76	75
Dec 2008	42	44	49
Total 2008	937	921	897
Jan 2009	59	72	55
Feb 2009	96	69	101
Mar 2009	138	110	135
Apr 2009	108	93	108
May 2009	100	93	83
Jun 2009	70	44	47
Jul 2009	54	54	61
Aug 2009	58	44	64
Sep 2009	80	74	52
Oct 2009	99	61	80
Nov 2009	140	100	97
Dec 2009	96	78	82
Total 2009	1098	892	965
Jan 2010	95	39	66
Feb 2010	105	45	61
Mar 2010	113	106	118
Apr 2010	124	81	128
May 2010	108	102	85
Jun 2010	84	46	58
Jul 2010	80	59	57
Aug 2010	61	41	50
Sep 2010	112	58	78
Oct 2010	153	109	123
Nov 2010	179	97	102
Dec 2010	142	98	84
Total 2010	1356	881	1010
Jan 2011	110	88	110
Feb 2011	125	81	82
Mar 2011	204	106	122
Apr 2011	209	143	104
May 2011	179	97	93
Jun 2011	155	70	51
Jul 2011	97	59	49
Aug 2011	107	50	55
Sep 2011	149	114	90
Oct 2011	216	162	97
Nov 2011	203	95	87
Dec 2011	155	87	80
Total 2011	1909	1152	1020
Jan 2012	178	103	97
Feb 2012	158	94	96
Mar 2012	193	144	146
Apr 2012	221	119	136
May 2012	232	93	139
Jun 2012	116	76	79
Jul 2012	124	63	72
Aug 2012	116	45	73
Sep 2012	181	67	99
Oct 2012	219	81	111
Nov 2012	287	109	116
Dec 2012	196	66	53
Total 2012	2221	1060	1217
Jan 2013	208	88	80
Feb 2013	281	96	108
Mar 2013	277	122	126
Apr 2013	338	108	155
May 2013	291	79	124
Jun 2013	144	36	53
Jul 2013	120	66	61
Aug 2013	147	50	80
Sep 2013	212	81	92
Oct 2013	356	108	173
Nov 2013	339	122	139
Dec 2013	183	169	118
Total 2013	2896	1125	1309
Jan 2014	168	109	95
Feb 2014	225	141	651
Mar 2014	499	174	242
Apr 2014	314	210	188
May 2014	302	166	164
Jun 2014	170	119	72
Jul 2014	140	82	84
Aug 2014	105	98	82
Sep 2014	223	116	127
Oct 2014	301	118	504
Nov 2014	1053	174	186
Dec 2014	231	193	139
Total 2014	3731	1700	2534
Jan 2015	221	160	133
Feb 2015	215	124	93
Mar 2015	276	136	124
Apr 2015	300	144	143
May 2015	271	159	86
Jun 2015	173	110	99
Jul 2015	139	82	120
Aug 2015	144	69	46
Sep 2015	191	85	94
Oct 2015	294	108	154
Nov 2015	309	749	181
Dec 2015	343	144	162
Total 2015	2876	2070	1435
Jan 2016	206	71	135
Feb 2016	306	122	191
Mar 2016	324	149	211
Apr 2016	324	185	231
May 2016	378	127	220
Jun 2016	260	199	115
Jul 2016	131	71	66
Aug 2016	182	80	88
Sep 2016	218	150	95
Oct 2016	218	179	146
Nov 2016	196	238	165
Dec 2016	138	231	95
Total 2016	2881	1802	1758
Jan 2017	156	250	72
Feb 2017	243	306	97
Mar 2017	282	410	105
Apr 2017	209	239	109
May 2017	166	387	104
Jun 2017	82	158	46
Jul 2017	56	147	38
Aug 2017	69	172	29
Sep 2017	114	240	52
Oct 2017	249	265	99
Nov 2017	255	377	125
Dec 2017	158	497	71
Total 2017	2039	3448	947
Jan 2018	133	201	54
Feb 2018	713	357	76
Mar 2018	226	525	114
Apr 2018	217	491	156
May 2018	183	437	129
Jun 2018	84	170	73
Jul 2018	55	201	43
Aug 2018	93	150	69
Sep 2018	104	300	92
Oct 2018	116	243	118
Nov 2018	161	262	155
Dec 2018	117	183	90
Total 2018	2202	3520	1169
Jan 2019	118	153	78
Feb 2019	113	229	97
Mar 2019	175	254	159
Apr 2019	199	261	125
May 2019	124	184	131
Jun 2019	77	124	58
Jul 2019	46	110	69
Aug 2019	56	110	50
Sep 2019	67	106	86
Oct 2019	119	208	109
Nov 2019	144	220	153
Dec 2019	132	161	100
Total 2019	1370	2120	1215
Jan 2020	64	110	45
Feb 2020	90	183	91
Mar 2020	73	146	86
Apr 2020	102	149	90
May 2020	147	201	155
Jun 2020	59	115	58
Jul 2020	52	92	44
Aug 2020	44	154	61
Sep 2020	74	183	89
Oct 2020	89	202	96
Nov 2020	116	197	128
Dec 2020	78	192	107
Total 2020	988	1924	1050
Jan 2021	54	136	77
Feb 2021	50	174	81
Mar 2021	129	183	178
Apr 2021	100	197	102
May 2021	56	192	83
Jun 2021	37	117	47
Jul 2021	39	87	57
Aug 2021	28	102	40
Sep 2021	43	115	36
Oct 2021	57	161	82
Nov 2021	58	227	107
Dec 2021	80	134	53
Total 2021	731	1825	943
Jan 2022	44	94	46
Total 2022	44	94	46
Total	29741	26930	20498