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Cocaine Cues and Dopamine in Dorsal Striatum: Mechanism of Craving in Cocaine Addiction

Nora D. Volkow, Gene-Jack Wang, Frank Telang, Joanna S. Fowler, Jean Logan, Anna-Rose Childress, Millard Jayne, Yeming Ma and Christopher Wong
Journal of Neuroscience 14 June 2006, 26 (24) 6583-6588; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006
Nora D. Volkow
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Gene-Jack Wang
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Frank Telang
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Joanna S. Fowler
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Jean Logan
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Anna-Rose Childress
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Millard Jayne
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Yeming Ma
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Christopher Wong
1National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda Maryland 20892, 2Medical Department and 3Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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    Figure 1.

    Brain maps obtained with SPM showing the difference in the distribution volume of [11C]raclopride between the neutral and the cocaine-cue conditions (p < 0.05, uncorrected, threshold >100 voxels). Note that there were no differences in the ventral striatum (−8 canthomeatal plane).

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    Figure 2.

    A, Dopamine D2 receptor availability (Bmax/Kd) in caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum for the neutral and the cocaine-cue conditions. B, Craving measures (assessed with the CCQ) before (pre) and after (post) presentation of the neutral and the cocaine videos. C, Regression slopes for the correlation between changes in DA (percentage changes in Bmax/Kd from the neutral condition) and changes in cocaine craving (pre and post differences in CCQ scores). Values represent means ± SDs. Comparisons correspond to paired t tests (two-tailed) *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

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    Table 1.

    Demographic and clinical characteristic of subjects

    Age43 ± 6 years
    Gender17 males, 1 female
    Ethnicity15 African Americans, 3 caucasians
    Education13 ± 2 years of education
    Years of cocaine use15 ± 7 years
    Route of administration18 smoked cocaine
    Dose used2.8 ± 1.6 g/d
    Days since last cocaine use2 ± 1.4 d (range,1 and 6 d)
    Cigarette smokers15 current smokers
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    Table 2.

    K1 (transport constant from plasma to tissue) and DV measures for the neutral and the cocaine-cue video conditions and t and p values for their comparisons (paired two-tail t test)

    Neutral videoCocaine-cue videotp
    K 1
       Cerebellum0.12 ± 0.030.11 ± 0.040.330.75
       Caudate0.10 ± 0.010.11 ± 0.040.930.37
       Putamen0.11 ± 0.020.12 ± 0.041.000.33
       Ventral striatum0.10 ± 0.010.11 ± 0.030.600.55
    DV
       Cerebellum0.43 ± 0.060.43 ± 0.060.440.67
       Caudate1.44 ± 0.201.37 ± 0.242.020.06
       Putamen1.62 ± 0.221.53 ± 0.262.080.05
       Ventral striatum1.46 ± 0.261.42 ± 0.220.590.56
    • DV measures in putamen were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during the cocaine-cue condition and showed a trend in caudate (p < 0.06). None of the other measures differed. Values represent means ± SDs.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 26 (24)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 26, Issue 24
14 Jun 2006
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Cocaine Cues and Dopamine in Dorsal Striatum: Mechanism of Craving in Cocaine Addiction
Nora D. Volkow, Gene-Jack Wang, Frank Telang, Joanna S. Fowler, Jean Logan, Anna-Rose Childress, Millard Jayne, Yeming Ma, Christopher Wong
Journal of Neuroscience 14 June 2006, 26 (24) 6583-6588; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006

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Cocaine Cues and Dopamine in Dorsal Striatum: Mechanism of Craving in Cocaine Addiction
Nora D. Volkow, Gene-Jack Wang, Frank Telang, Joanna S. Fowler, Jean Logan, Anna-Rose Childress, Millard Jayne, Yeming Ma, Christopher Wong
Journal of Neuroscience 14 June 2006, 26 (24) 6583-6588; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006
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Keywords

  • imaging
  • raclopride
  • addiction
  • caudate
  • putamen
  • conditioned responses
  • D2 receptors

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