The Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Abstract State-Based Inference during Decision Making in Humans

Alan N. Hampton; Peter Bossaerts; John P. O’Doherty

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1010-06.2006

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1010-06.2006

PubMed

16899731

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Received March 7, 2006
Revision received July 7, 2006
Accepted July 8, 2006
First published August 9, 2006.

Version of record published August 9, 2006.

Author Information

Alan N. Hampton¹,
Peter Bossaerts¹,², and
John P. O’Doherty¹,²

¹Computation and Neural Systems Program and ²Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125

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Author contributions

Disclosures

Received March 7, 2006.
Revision received July 7, 2006.
Accepted July 8, 2006.

This work was supported by California Institute of Technology start-up funds to J.P.O. from the Gimbel Discovery Fund in Neuroscience. A.N.H. was partly supported by the Physical Sciences Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Biological and Physical Research. We thank Nathaniel Daw for helpful comments on this manuscript. We also thank Steve Flaherty and Mike Tyzska for technical and MRI support.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. John P. O’Doherty, Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, M/C 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125. Email: jdoherty{at}hss.caltech.edu

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Aug 2006	460	178	381
Sep 2006	76	102	103
Oct 2006	55	62	72
Nov 2006	45	148	131
Dec 2006	28	43	54
Total 2006	664	533	741
Jan 2007	42	87	101
Feb 2007	45	55	72
Mar 2007	45	57	76
Apr 2007	52	69	94
May 2007	35	49	52
Jun 2007	30	58	80
Jul 2007	37	38	42
Aug 2007	23	51	45
Sep 2007	25	34	34
Oct 2007	34	59	44
Nov 2007	44	38	44
Dec 2007	36	39	27
Total 2007	448	634	711
Jan 2008	42	56	48
Feb 2008	43	33	44
Mar 2008	48	44	53
Apr 2008	46	57	60
May 2008	28	22	29
Jun 2008	36	33	41
Jul 2008	35	29	37
Aug 2008	37	38	40
Sep 2008	41	33	37
Oct 2008	30	25	17
Nov 2008	31	37	41
Dec 2008	31	37	29
Total 2008	448	444	476
Jan 2009	17	27	40
Feb 2009	33	36	39
Mar 2009	29	34	35
Apr 2009	20	30	24
May 2009	15	26	29
Jun 2009	12	13	20
Jul 2009	21	21	25
Aug 2009	17	23	15
Sep 2009	28	18	34
Oct 2009	27	19	32
Nov 2009	30	44	38
Dec 2009	38	20	36
Total 2009	287	311	367
Jan 2010	63	27	41
Feb 2010	32	20	28
Mar 2010	38	26	36
Apr 2010	38	30	40
May 2010	31	31	36
Jun 2010	39	30	36
Jul 2010	20	20	29
Aug 2010	36	29	35
Sep 2010	22	24	40
Oct 2010	38	38	24
Nov 2010	49	20	28
Dec 2010	32	20	23
Total 2010	438	315	396
Jan 2011	34	20	41
Feb 2011	35	30	27
Mar 2011	56	30	31
Apr 2011	58	25	34
May 2011	60	36	34
Jun 2011	35	19	30
Jul 2011	43	21	28
Aug 2011	46	29	36
Sep 2011	46	24	34
Oct 2011	86	20	43
Nov 2011	99	31	51
Dec 2011	61	23	30
Total 2011	659	308	419
Jan 2012	34	36	38
Feb 2012	62	30	37
Mar 2012	78	32	55
Apr 2012	86	43	50
May 2012	80	25	56
Jun 2012	70	13	29
Jul 2012	43	17	37
Aug 2012	47	22	34
Sep 2012	68	23	32
Oct 2012	93	19	44
Nov 2012	105	29	45
Dec 2012	109	32	44
Total 2012	875	321	501
Jan 2013	102	40	301
Feb 2013	93	32	32
Mar 2013	123	36	49
Apr 2013	162	45	43
May 2013	170	22	65
Jun 2013	100	19	41
Jul 2013	121	21	46
Aug 2013	83	13	24
Sep 2013	82	31	37
Oct 2013	118	54	45
Nov 2013	116	58	48
Dec 2013	85	51	32
Total 2013	1355	422	763
Jan 2014	82	41	36
Feb 2014	84	41	29
Mar 2014	98	49	40
Apr 2014	118	47	25
May 2014	92	36	23
Jun 2014	88	30	26
Jul 2014	85	42	141
Aug 2014	107	42	39
Sep 2014	127	31	33
Oct 2014	226	34	54
Nov 2014	268	47	42
Dec 2014	222	31	41
Total 2014	1597	471	529
Jan 2015	188	47	46
Feb 2015	210	51	29
Mar 2015	255	60	41
Apr 2015	204	42	39
May 2015	267	44	27
Jun 2015	178	32	35
Jul 2015	177	42	49
Aug 2015	138	37	34
Sep 2015	202	29	37
Oct 2015	297	43	49
Nov 2015	279	31	27
Dec 2015	256	31	33
Total 2015	2651	489	446
Jan 2016	294	44	57
Feb 2016	257	66	42
Mar 2016	340	75	51
Apr 2016	303	52	54
May 2016	331	48	45
Jun 2016	192	34	27
Jul 2016	139	32	31
Aug 2016	196	32	24
Sep 2016	251	32	45
Oct 2016	174	79	31
Nov 2016	120	145	47
Dec 2016	32	124	19
Total 2016	2629	763	473
Jan 2017	32	252	29
Feb 2017	18	250	24
Mar 2017	33	652	49
Apr 2017	47	263	48
May 2017	19	186	28
Jun 2017	19	98	29
Jul 2017	24	105	34
Aug 2017	29	78	17
Sep 2017	19	83	31
Oct 2017	25	98	34
Nov 2017	24	90	27
Dec 2017	16	70	16
Total 2017	305	2225	366
Jan 2018	17	65	35
Feb 2018	32	287	23
Mar 2018	34	65	35
Apr 2018	25	91	33
May 2018	18	136	22
Jun 2018	19	104	24
Jul 2018	16	111	38
Aug 2018	9	48	13
Sep 2018	8	73	24
Oct 2018	23	115	39
Nov 2018	19	141	34
Dec 2018	18	63	21
Total 2018	238	1299	341
Jan 2019	32	72	31
Feb 2019	5	68	23
Mar 2019	15	66	31
Apr 2019	17	69	41
May 2019	40	96	55
Jun 2019	11	77	29
Jul 2019	20	47	36
Aug 2019	14	60	50
Sep 2019	14	77	26
Oct 2019	15	99	19
Nov 2019	23	69	38
Dec 2019	7	46	22
Total 2019	213	846	401
Jan 2020	8	76	13
Feb 2020	17	36	32
Mar 2020	7	49	24
Apr 2020	21	62	51
May 2020	32	99	48
Jun 2020	10	45	31
Jul 2020	6	44	37
Aug 2020	9	52	34
Sep 2020	23	69	27
Oct 2020	12	77	38
Nov 2020	21	79	26
Dec 2020	23	102	35
Total 2020	189	790	396
Jan 2021	17	101	41
Feb 2021	15	94	24
Mar 2021	27	93	34
Apr 2021	6	18	15
Total 2021	65	306	114
Total	13061	10477	7440