Glucocorticoids Increase Amyloid-β and Tau Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Kim N. Green; Lauren M. Billings; Benno Roozendaal; James L. McGaugh; Frank M. LaFerla

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2797-06.2006

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2797-06.2006

PubMed

16943563

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Received April 11, 2006
Accepted July 23, 2006
Published in print August 30, 2006.

Author Information

Kim N. Green,
Lauren M. Billings,
Benno Roozendaal,
James L. McGaugh, and
Frank M. LaFerla

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4545

Correspondence should be addressed to Frank M. LaFerla, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1109 Gillespie Neuroscience Building, Irvine, CA 92697-4545. laferla{at}uci.edu

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Disclosures

Received April 11, 2006.
Accepted July 23, 2006.

This work was supported in part by grants from Alzheimer’s Association, National Institute of Health Grant AG0212982 (F.M.L.), and National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH-12526 (J.L.M.). We thank Drs. Masashi Kitazawa, Salvatore Oddo, and Mathew Blurton-Jones for helpful discussion and Andrew Huy Tran for technical assistance.
Correspondence should be addressed to Frank M. LaFerla, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1109 Gillespie Neuroscience Building, Irvine, CA 92697-4545. laferla{at}uci.edu

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Aug 2006	464	76	391
Sep 2006	298	377	521
Oct 2006	97	214	224
Nov 2006	52	211	236
Dec 2006	18	120	127
Total 2006	929	998	1499
Jan 2007	44	181	167
Feb 2007	25	103	91
Mar 2007	17	153	111
Apr 2007	22	136	113
May 2007	19	128	91
Jun 2007	34	111	105
Jul 2007	16	89	76
Aug 2007	13	75	67
Sep 2007	17	78	61
Oct 2007	23	95	89
Nov 2007	20	70	72
Dec 2007	21	65	60
Total 2007	271	1284	1103
Jan 2008	25	78	76
Feb 2008	19	75	66
Mar 2008	17	91	71
Apr 2008	25	102	68
May 2008	22	71	67
Jun 2008	27	67	52
Jul 2008	43	68	54
Aug 2008	57	74	46
Sep 2008	82	64	44
Oct 2008	35	63	43
Nov 2008	51	65	52
Dec 2008	21	43	49
Total 2008	424	861	688
Jan 2009	40	84	78
Feb 2009	35	77	63
Mar 2009	28	79	59
Apr 2009	28	52	50
May 2009	22	71	65
Jun 2009	22	51	40
Jul 2009	20	45	33
Aug 2009	20	37	37
Sep 2009	14	40	40
Oct 2009	23	59	58
Nov 2009	28	43	37
Dec 2009	49	32	38
Total 2009	329	670	598
Jan 2010	46	38	49
Feb 2010	27	55	57
Mar 2010	25	52	53
Apr 2010	24	38	26
May 2010	29	49	47
Jun 2010	26	60	65
Jul 2010	30	68	60
Aug 2010	42	41	44
Sep 2010	26	44	56
Oct 2010	45	89	64
Nov 2010	18	65	58
Dec 2010	22	58	50
Total 2010	360	657	629
Jan 2011	35	55	57
Feb 2011	54	59	59
Mar 2011	61	41	46
Apr 2011	23	31	31
May 2011	108	57	46
Jun 2011	68	63	34
Jul 2011	30	41	35
Aug 2011	40	39	36
Sep 2011	80	35	44
Oct 2011	58	60	42
Nov 2011	79	37	67
Dec 2011	76	57	52
Total 2011	712	575	549
Jan 2012	58	51	58
Feb 2012	32	51	78
Mar 2012	82	34	40
Apr 2012	59	42	64
May 2012	53	48	57
Jun 2012	62	53	64
Jul 2012	38	55	45
Aug 2012	34	31	33
Sep 2012	37	32	40
Oct 2012	51	40	73
Nov 2012	68	50	60
Dec 2012	59	36	31
Total 2012	633	523	643
Jan 2013	41	35	63
Feb 2013	64	30	47
Mar 2013	52	29	67
Apr 2013	78	31	66
May 2013	29	31	75
Jun 2013	25	26	47
Jul 2013	33	25	66
Aug 2013	33	12	50
Sep 2013	20	23	34
Oct 2013	37	28	45
Nov 2013	39	30	39
Dec 2013	38	17	45
Total 2013	489	317	644
Jan 2014	41	26	32
Feb 2014	40	30	55
Mar 2014	54	35	56
Apr 2014	60	29	323
May 2014	52	46	67
Jun 2014	42	27	39
Jul 2014	74	42	40
Aug 2014	34	18	24
Sep 2014	44	48	34
Oct 2014	58	34	44
Nov 2014	50	63	34
Dec 2014	52	36	36
Total 2014	601	434	784
Jan 2015	54	41	38
Feb 2015	33	61	39
Mar 2015	56	49	45
Apr 2015	45	39	16
May 2015	42	49	33
Jun 2015	43	63	29
Jul 2015	36	25	16
Aug 2015	39	25	37
Sep 2015	48	34	32
Oct 2015	62	53	42
Nov 2015	59	115	50
Dec 2015	40	87	30
Total 2015	557	641	407
Jan 2016	66	147	30
Feb 2016	112	154	53
Mar 2016	49	172	51
Apr 2016	47	75	27
May 2016	44	123	39
Jun 2016	47	124	16
Jul 2016	34	45	31
Aug 2016	29	29	27
Sep 2016	19	22	14
Oct 2016	14	45	74
Nov 2016	15	49	32
Dec 2016	3	70	69
Total 2016	479	1055	463
Jan 2017	5	64	38
Feb 2017	13	76	24
Mar 2017	18	54	33
Apr 2017	24	46	28
May 2017	17	87	48
Jun 2017	13	41	23
Jul 2017	12	56	33
Aug 2017	17	63	26
Sep 2017	17	47	31
Oct 2017	12	70	35
Nov 2017	18	74	35
Dec 2017	16	42	22
Total 2017	182	720	376
Jan 2018	9	84	24
Feb 2018	20	46	25
Mar 2018	21	68	30
Apr 2018	13	88	47
May 2018	13	89	30
Jun 2018	14	42	25
Jul 2018	13	43	29
Aug 2018	8	65	24
Sep 2018	13	74	37
Oct 2018	9	58	23
Nov 2018	18	89	41
Dec 2018	8	60	20
Total 2018	159	806	355
Jan 2019	22	63	29
Feb 2019	13	59	42
Mar 2019	13	78	41
Apr 2019	19	88	29
May 2019	17	71	28
Jun 2019	18	71	44
Jul 2019	11	62	34
Aug 2019	12	51	49
Sep 2019	15	56	21
Oct 2019	18	37	34
Nov 2019	20	61	47
Dec 2019	15	34	14
Total 2019	193	731	412
Total	6318	10272	9150

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This could be due to a reduced DHEA to cortisol ratio...
James M. Howard

Published on: 21 June 2007

Published on: (21 June 2007)

This could be due to a reduced DHEA to cortisol ratio...
James M. Howard, Biologist, independent
In 1985, I first suggested that Alzheimer's disease may be due to low DHEA (1). In the same place, I suggested that cortisol evolved to counteract the effects of DHEA and that this is the basis of the "fight or flight" mechanism. This may explain why prolonged exposure to cortisol is so harmful because this means that DHEA is not exerting sufficient effects to counteract the negative effects of cortisol. DHEA naturally b...
Show More

In 1985, I first suggested that Alzheimer's disease may be due to low DHEA (1). In the same place, I suggested that cortisol evolved to counteract the effects of DHEA and that this is the basis of the "fight or flight" mechanism. This may explain why prolonged exposure to cortisol is so harmful because this means that DHEA is not exerting sufficient effects to counteract the negative effects of cortisol. DHEA naturally begins to decline around age twenty, reaching very low levels in aging while cortisol levels do not decline as dramatically. This may explain the findings of Green, et al.
1."A Theory of the Control of the Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Homo sapiens bythe Interaction of Dehydroepiandrosterone and the Amygdala," Copyright 1985, James Michael Howard, Fayetteville, Arkansas, Registration No. TXu 220 580
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Competing Interests: None declared.

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Glucocorticoids Increase Amyloid-β and Tau Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Glucocorticoids Increase Amyloid-β and Tau Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

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