Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Grand average neurophysiologic responses. Bottom, Acoustic waveform of the synthesized speech stimulus /da/ (above) and grand average auditory brainstem responses to /da/ (below). The stimulus has been moved forward in time to the latency of onset responses (peak V) to enable direct comparisons with brainstem responses. Lower insets, First, third, and fifth quintile responses for waves V, A, and O. Top, Grand average cortical responses measured from left and right hemisphere temporal electrodes, grouped by latency of ABR responses.
- Figure 2.
Brainstem responses and cortical asymmetry. The linear fit for the data in both plots is indicated by the central line and is flanked by dashed lines indicating the limits of the range for prediction of individual data points with 95% certainty. A, Brainstem onset/offset and cortical asymmetry. B, Brainstem frequency following and cortical asymmetry.
- Figure 3.
Cortical asymmetry and measures of speech discrimination and academic achievement. Error bars indicate SEM.
Tables
NL LD p N 30 37 Age (years) 10.6 (1.6) 10.0 (1.5) NS IQ 120.5 (13.7) 105.6 (14) <0.01 Reading 114.4 (14.1) 93.7 (14.6) <0.01 Spelling 112.9 (12.8) 92.8 (15.6) <0.01 Word attack 112.6 (13.2) 93.6 (14.3) <0.01 Auditory processing 98.8 (11.0) 89.5 (9.2) <0.01 Incomplete words 95.8 (12.5) 92.4 (11.1) NS Memory for words 105.8 (14.9) 95.5 (11.5) <0.01 Sound blending 101.7 (12.4) 90.1 (11.8) <0.01 Listening comprehension 123.0 (16.7) 112.7 (18.3) <0.05 Cross out 111.9 (11.5) 106.6 (14.1) NS Just noticeable difference /da/–/ga/ (Hz) 95.6 (53.1) 124.8 (51.0) <0.01 /ba/–/wa/ (ms) 8.5 (2.9) 7.7 (2.9) NS -
Values in parentheses indicate SDs.
-
Quintile 1 (early ABR) Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 (late ABR) N, Total 13 13 13 13 13 N, NL 8 4 6 6 5 N, LD 5 9 7 7 8 Age (years) 10.2 (1.4) 9.9 (1.5) 11.3 (1.7) 10.3 (1.4) 9.9 (1.5) IQ 107.5 (15.8) 115.9 (16.0) 113.5 (12.1) 116.2 (15.8) 108.8 (19.2) Peak V latency (ms) 7.4 (0.2) 7.6 (0.1) 7.8 (0.1) 7.9 (0.1) 8.0 (0.1) Peak A latency (ms) 8.4 (0.1) 8.6 (0.2) 8.6 (0.1) 8.8 (0.2) 9.0 (0.2) Peak O latency (ms) 48.7 (0.8) 48.7 (0.4) 49.1 (0.5) 49.1 (0.5) 49.9 (0.7) Asymmetry, 130–145 ms (μV) −47.9 (38.1) −58.0 (44.1) −36.4 (33.8) −34.1 (57.9) −8.0 (28.7) -
Values in parentheses indicate SDs.
-
Quintile 1 (strong left-dominant) Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 (weak left-dominant) N, Total 14 13 13 13 14 N, NL 9 6 6 6 3 N, LD 5 7 7 7 11 Asymmetry, 130–145 ms (μV) −101.3 (26.1) −51.0 (6.2) −33.3 (3.8) −17.1 (7.3) 18.5 (15.5) Age (years) 10.2 (1.4) 9.9 (1.5) 11.3 (1.7) 10.3 (1.4) 9.9 (1.5) IQ 107.5 (15.8) 115.9 (16.0) 113.5 (12.1) 116.2 (15.8) 108.8 (19.2) Reading 112.0 (9.2) 94.7 (17.5) 105.0 (21.1) 100.8 (18.4) 101.8 (17.9) Spelling 112.9 (11.9) 95.4 (19.9) 103.5 (16.9) 97.8 (18.7) 98.9 (16.3) Auditory processing 102.4 (9.2) 87.8 (8.3) 94.1 (11.2) 89.8 (8.5) 93.6 (12.4) Incomplete words 99.2 (11.2) 86.1 (11.2) 98.3 (9.3) 91.2 (12.6) 94.2 (10.9) Memory for words 106.4 (16.4) 91.2 (9.2) 99.8 (13.2) 100.8 (17.0) 101.9 (9.9) Sound blending 106.6 (12.5) 90.4 (7.8) 93.0 (13.0) 91.7 (10.7) 94.1 (15.7) Listening comprehension 123.6 (14.1) 112.1 (20.1) 121.4 (17.7) 111.1 (20.4) 117.9 (17.6) Cross out 109.4 (11.0) 115.3 (10.5) 107.6 (14.3) 112.3 (15.1) 101.2 (12.1) Just noticeable difference /da/–/ga/ (Hz) 83.9 (31.1) 123.2 (47.3) 97.8 (48.2) 133.7 (78.7) 121.2 (43.5) /ba/–/wa/ (ms) 7.5 (2.8) 7.0 (3.2) 10.0 (2.8) 8.0 (2.8) 8.1 (2.7) -
Values in parentheses indicate SDs.
-
