Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
A–C , T1-weighted ( A ) and T2-weighted ( B ) images are automatically segmented ( C ) into CSF (blue), gray matter (yellow), unmyelinated white matter (green), and myelinated white matter (purple). D , Template of the neonatal brain for automatic parcellation into 16 cortical regions (left and right, superior and inferior, prefrontal, frontal, and parietal and occipital regions, respectively), right and left subcortical regions, brainstem, and cerebellum.
- Figure 2.
Tissue-specific growth rates in whole brain (n = 74). There is a significant overall difference in slopes (inhomogeneity of slopes: F (3,288) = 16.6; p < 0.0001). There are significant differences in growth rates between gray matter (GM) and unmyelinated white matter (umWM) (F (1,288) = 28.0; p < 0.0001) and between GM and myelinated white matter (mWM) (F (1,288) = 44.9; p < 0.0001).
- Figure 3.
Regional growth of cortical gray matter (n = 74). There is a significant overall regional difference in slopes (inhomogeneity of slopes: F (3,288) = 8.6; p < 0.0001). There were significant differences between occipital and prefrontal (F (1,288) = 18.9; p < 0.0001), occipital and frontal (F (1,288) = 5.8; p = 0.0166), and parietal and prefrontal (F (1,288) = 17.9; p < 0.0001) matter growth rates.
- Figure 4.
Regional growth of cortical unmyelinated white matter (n = 74). There was not a significant regional difference in slopes for unmyelinated white matter (inhomogeneity of slopes: F (3,288) = 1.5; p = 0.2180).
Tables
Male, mean (SD) Female, mean (SD) Difference, M > F (%) p value p value, ICV controlled a Birth weight (g) 3587.7 (465.5) 3278.7 (407.7) 9.42 0.0036 NA ICV (mm3) 525,524 (58,637) 487,378 (41,848) 7.83 0.0023 NA Hem GM (mm3) 218,212 (28,693) 197,945 (197,944) 10.24 0.0012 0.2734 Hem umWM (m3) 163,987 (18,420) 154,146 (15,745) 6.38 0.0169 0.8365 Subcort GM (mm3) 24,390 (4229) 22,628 (2823) 7.79 0.0423 0.5868 Lat ventricle (mm3) 2927 (2054) 2771 (3944) 5.67 0.8277 0.3553 Cerebellum (mm3) 28,227 (4050) 26,893 (3156) 4.96 0.1235 0.6712 -
Hem, Hemispheric; Subcort, subcortical; GM, gray matter; umWM, unmyelinated white matter; Lat; lateral; M, male; F, female; NA, not applicable.
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↵ aPaired t test.
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Left, mean (SD) Right, mean (SD) Difference, L > R (%) p value a Total hemisphere (mm3) 237,395 (26,573) 227,623 (25,826) 4.29 <0.0001 Hem GM (mm3) 106,833 (14,213) 102,067 (13,689) 4.67 <0.0001 Hem umWM (mm3) 80,225 (9092) 79,240 (8988) 1.24 0.0065 Subcort GM (mm3) 12,180 (1919) 11,401 (1860) 6.83 <0.0001 Lat ventricle (mm3) 1655 (2134) 1200 (1011) 37.91 0.0054 -
Hem, Hemispheric; Subcort, subcortical; GM, gray matter; umWM, unmyelinated white matter; Lat, lateral; L, left; R, right.
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↵ aPaired t test.
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Left, mean (SD) Right, mean (SD) Difference, L > R (%) p value Prefrontal (mm3) All 29,001 (3710) 28,736 (2823) 0.92 0.0603 Male 29,697 (3668) 29,713 (3706) −0.05 a Female 28,183 (3642) 27,586 (3686) 2.16 a Occipital (mm3) All 63,407 (8177) 57,048 (7642) 10.45 <0.0001 Male 65,682 (8501) 60,341 (7788) 8.85 b Female 60,730 (6989) 53,956 (58899) 12.55 b
