Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Schematic of experimental task. The block design was composed of alternating epochs of AI and the center/surround VS task. The AI conditions (positive, neutral, or negative) were arranged sequentially in groups of four AI–VS cycles of like valence (schematic represents valence induction for one condition). In the AI blocks, 10 passively viewed IAPS images were serially presented for 2000 ms each. In the interspersed VS blocks, 10 face/house composite stimuli were presented serially for 300 ms, with a 1700 ms interstimulus interval. Participants determined the gender of the central face component. Within each block, five novel places were serially presented (e1) and then repeated in the same order (e2). Our manipulation check of sustained affect induction was determined from self-report measures of valence and arousal (sr) acquired once per valence induction (subsequent to last VS block).
- Figure 2.
a, A significant valence × repetition interaction was found during the VS task bilaterally within the left and right PPA. Activation is superimposed on the template structural underlay (Colin27) (MNI axial z-coordinate = −15) and displayed on a cortical flat-map of the same template. For reference, PPA (dashed blue) and FFA (dashed green) ROIs are also traced on the flat-map. b, Novel place exposures (e1 blocks). y-axes, Percentage signal change at e1 blocks. In the left PPA, positive and neutral conditions evoked significantly greater BOLD response to novel places than negative (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). Error bars reflect within-subject SEMs. c, Repetition reduction [e2 minus e1 blocks]. The valence × repetition interaction was driven by positive affect; y-axes are the difference between percentage signal change at e2 and e1 blocks of the VS task (negative values = repetition reduction). Error bars reflect within-subject SEMs for differences between e2 and e1 blocks across subjects. L, Left; R, right.
- Figure 3.
Extrastriate brain–behavior correlations. a, The left PPA cluster (coronal slice: y = −45) is superimposed atop the template structural underlay (Colin27) and in MNI space. b, Valence rating correlations with left PPA activity. A significant positive relationship was found for the magnitude of initial PPA response to novel places (y-axis: percentage signal change at e1 blocks). A significant negative relationship was also found between behavioral ratings of valence and repetition reduction (y-axis: difference between percentage signal change at second exposure and first exposure blocks). L., Left.
- Figure 4.
PPI analyses of valence-specific coupling with the PPA. a, c, The PPIs demonstrate that positive and negative states differentially modulated the covariance between the PPA and PVC bilaterally. Activation is superimposed on the template structural underlay (Colin27) (left: MNI sagittal x-coordinate = −15; axial z-coordinate = 3; right: x = 6; z = 15) b, d, In both PPI seeds, positive affect (blue) elicited a positive coupling between PPA and PVC (rleft = 0.32, rright = 0.69), whereas negative affect (red) elicited a negative coupling (rleft = −0.46, rright = −0.36). x-axes, Mean-corrected signal from the PPI term (the product of the respective PPA time series and condition regressors, averaged over 14 subjects). y-axes, Mean corrected signal from the respective PVC cluster maxima (first principal component of a 3 mm radius VOI, averaged over 14 subjects). The first two time points of each block were removed to account for the lag to peak BOLD response. L., Left; R., right.
- Figure 5.
Corticosubcortical brain–behavior correlations a, c, Conjunction analyses between AI and VS tasks. Positive affect yielded activation in a right medial orbitofrontal locus (coronal slice: y = 48). Negative affect revealed activation in the right amygdala (y = 0). b, d, Brain–behavior correlations. A significant positive relationship was found between increasingly positive self-report ratings of valence and magnitude of BOLD response (y-axes: percentage signal change) in the mOFC during both AI (red distribution) and VS (blue); x-axes (all panels): valence Likert scale 1 [negative (neg)] to 9 [positive (pos)]. Increasingly negative self-report ratings of valence correlated with increasing magnitude of BOLD response (Y-axes: percentage signal change) in the amygdala during AI.
Additional Files
Supplemental Data
Files in this Data Supplement:
- supplemental material - Supplemental Material
- supplemental material - Supplemental Table
