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Articles, Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive

Returning from Oblivion: Imaging the Neural Core of Consciousness

Jaakko W. Långsjö, Michael T. Alkire, Kimmo Kaskinoro, Hiroki Hayama, Anu Maksimow, Kaike K. Kaisti, Sargo Aalto, Riku Aantaa, Satu K. Jääskeläinen, Antti Revonsuo and Harry Scheinin
Journal of Neuroscience 4 April 2012, 32 (14) 4935-4943; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4962-11.2012
Jaakko W. Långsjö
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Michael T. Alkire
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Kimmo Kaskinoro
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Hiroki Hayama
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Anu Maksimow
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Kaike K. Kaisti
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Sargo Aalto
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Riku Aantaa
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Satu K. Jääskeläinen
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Antti Revonsuo
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Harry Scheinin
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Article Information

DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4962-11.2012
PubMed 
22492049
Published By 
Society for Neuroscience
History 
  • Received September 29, 2011
  • Revision received January 25, 2012
  • Accepted February 16, 2012
  • First published April 4, 2012.
  • Version of record published April 4, 2012.
Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2012 the authors 0270-6474/12/324935-09$15.00/0 This article is freely available online through the J Neurosci Open Choice option.

Author Information

  1. Jaakko W. Långsjö1,2,*,
  2. Michael T. Alkire3,*,
  3. Kimmo Kaskinoro4,
  4. Hiroki Hayama3,
  5. Anu Maksimow4,
  6. Kaike K. Kaisti1,
  7. Sargo Aalto1,
  8. Riku Aantaa4,
  9. Satu K. Jääskeläinen5,
  10. Antti Revonsuo6, and
  11. Harry Scheinin1,7,8
  1. 1Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland,
  2. 2Department of Anesthesiology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland,
  3. 3VA Long Beach Healthcare system (Long Beach, California, 90822), Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care and the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, California 92868,
  4. 4Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care, and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland,
  5. 5Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland,
  6. 6Department of Psychology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland and School of Humanities and Informatics, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden,
  7. 7Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland,
  8. 8Pulssi Medical Centre, 20100 Turku, Finland
View Full Text

Author contributions

  1. Author contributions: J.W.L., K.K., A.M., K.K.K., R.A., S.K.J., and H.S. designed research; J.W.L., K.K., A.M., K.K.K., and H.S. performed research; M.T.A., H.H., and S.A. analyzed data; J.W.L., M.T.A., A.R., and H.S. wrote the paper.

  2. ↵*J.W.L. and M.T.A. contributed equally to this work.

Disclosures

    • Received September 29, 2011.
    • Revision received January 25, 2012.
    • Accepted February 16, 2012.
  • This work was funded by the Academy of Finland (Research Programme on Neuroscience, NEURO, project no. 8111818), Turku University Hospital EVO-Grant no. 13323, Seinäjoki Central Hospital EVO-Grant no. 1133, The Finnish Medical Foundation, and The Paulo Foundation. Presented in part at the American Society of Anesthesiologist's annual meeting, Best abstracts of the meeting session, October 16–20, 2010, San Diego, California.

  • The authors declare no competing financial interests.

  • Correspondence should be addressed to Harry Scheinin, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland. harry.scheinin{at}utu.fi

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Apr 2012513917331806
May 20122153658915
Jun 20121152274328
Jul 2012418167133
Aug 201216314098
Sep 201211516290
Oct 2012240124142
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Dec 2012162126114
Total 2012990536923804
Jan 2013101152107
Feb 201313813685
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Apr 201313317299
May 201311812172
Jun 20135112061
Jul 2013699240
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Feb 2014519341
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Apr 2014579870
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Jul 20146510043
Aug 2014557536
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Oct 20146920047
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Total 20147461429608
Jan 20153911351
Feb 2015529233
Mar 20159710339
Apr 2015718135
May 2015699256
Jun 2015307336
Jul 201582103254
Aug 20154340273
Sep 20155766103
Oct 2015647862
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Dec 2015504743
Total 20157109341021
Jan 2016547336
Feb 2016766932
Mar 2016517639
Apr 2016527047
May 2016376530
Jun 2016307132
Jul 2016664330
Aug 2016497621
Sep 20163712828
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Nov 20164310246
Dec 20161212062
Total 2016538992435
Jan 2017814146
Feb 2017914923
Mar 2017922720
Apr 20171615633
May 20171412524
Jun 201769418
Jul 201739417
Aug 20171117622
Sep 2017623515
Oct 20171537832
Nov 2017323219
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Total 20171142137296
Jan 2018811410
Feb 2018138324
Mar 2018139442
Apr 20181116927
May 20181214223
Jun 201886912
Jul 201869825
Aug 201836912
Sep 2018108016
Oct 2018129226
Nov 20181913428
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Total 20181261219259
Jan 2019408718
Feb 2019375716
Mar 2019268618
Apr 2019289538
May 2019317917
Jun 2019264038
Jul 2019213419
Aug 201968124
Sep 201910727
Oct 2019159927
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Dec 2019287017
Total 2019294848259
Jan 2020264924
Feb 2020205239
Mar 2020143627
Apr 2020144839
May 20202010649
Jun 2020218726
Jul 202065412
Aug 202054311
Sep 2020187328
Oct 2020186353
Nov 2020185048
Dec 2020124829
Total 2020192709385
Jan 20211713547
Feb 2021118821
Mar 20212411646
Apr 2021176930
May 2021106552
Jun 2021134426
Jul 2021197023
Aug 2021215127
Sep 2021197923
Oct 2021199646
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Dec 2021176213
Total 2021200956389
Jan 2022105534
Feb 202214104109
Mar 202286338
Apr 202299437
May 202286351
Total 202249379269
Total14031147928587
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The Journal of Neuroscience: 32 (14)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 32, Issue 14
4 Apr 2012
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Returning from Oblivion: Imaging the Neural Core of Consciousness
Jaakko W. Långsjö, Michael T. Alkire, Kimmo Kaskinoro, Hiroki Hayama, Anu Maksimow, Kaike K. Kaisti, Sargo Aalto, Riku Aantaa, Satu K. Jääskeläinen, Antti Revonsuo, Harry Scheinin
Journal of Neuroscience 4 April 2012, 32 (14) 4935-4943; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4962-11.2012

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Returning from Oblivion: Imaging the Neural Core of Consciousness
Jaakko W. Långsjö, Michael T. Alkire, Kimmo Kaskinoro, Hiroki Hayama, Anu Maksimow, Kaike K. Kaisti, Sargo Aalto, Riku Aantaa, Satu K. Jääskeläinen, Antti Revonsuo, Harry Scheinin
Journal of Neuroscience 4 April 2012, 32 (14) 4935-4943; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4962-11.2012
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  • Near death experiences
    Ali H Bardy
    Published on: 04 June 2012
  • vasovagal syncope
    joel c. bernard
    Published on: 09 April 2012
  • Published on: (4 June 2012)
    Page navigation anchor for Near death experiences
    Near death experiences
    • Ali H Bardy, neurologist

    In the discussion of their article on near death experiences (NDE) van Lommel et al (2001) write that ".. with lack of evidence for any other theories for NDE, the thus far assumed, but never proven, concept that consciousness and memories are localized in the brain should be discussed. How could a clear consciousness outside one's body be experienced at the moment that the brain no longer functions during a period of clin...

    Show More

    In the discussion of their article on near death experiences (NDE) van Lommel et al (2001) write that ".. with lack of evidence for any other theories for NDE, the thus far assumed, but never proven, concept that consciousness and memories are localized in the brain should be discussed. How could a clear consciousness outside one's body be experienced at the moment that the brain no longer functions during a period of clinical death with flat EEG?"

    The excellent study by Langsjo and others provides a physiological. explanation. Flat cortical EEG does not indicate loss of brain function. This supports my comment (Bardy 2002) to the article by van Lommel et al. (2001). There is no need to assume that consciousness is not localised in the brain. Spiritual and parapsychological explanations are unnecessary.

    References

    van Lommel P, van Wees R, Meyers V, Elfferich I (2001) Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands. Lancet 358: 2039-2045.

    Bardy AH (2002) Near death experiences. Lancet 359: 2116.

    Conflict of Interest:

    None

    Show Less
    Competing Interests: None declared.
  • Published on: (9 April 2012)
    Page navigation anchor for vasovagal syncope
    vasovagal syncope
    • joel c. bernard, writer

    Similar results might be obtained from study of persons with vasovagal syncope (vvs). (I have very occasional episodes of vvs associated with swallowing.)

    The initial feeling of awakening after vvs is almost indescribable, and different from the feeling of awakening from sleep. The first stage is an extraordinary feeling of well-being, almost of euphoria, quickly followed by the return of normal consciousness. I...

    Show More

    Similar results might be obtained from study of persons with vasovagal syncope (vvs). (I have very occasional episodes of vvs associated with swallowing.)

    The initial feeling of awakening after vvs is almost indescribable, and different from the feeling of awakening from sleep. The first stage is an extraordinary feeling of well-being, almost of euphoria, quickly followed by the return of normal consciousness. I have wondered whether the euphoric feeling is caused by the initial return of blood flow to the more primitive centers of the brain, before returning to the cortex.

    I'm not a scientist, and know nothing about brain physiology. ...

    Conflict of Interest:

    None declared

    Show Less
    Competing Interests: None declared.

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