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Articles, Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive

Effects of Early-Life Abuse Differ across Development: Infant Social Behavior Deficits Are Followed by Adolescent Depressive-Like Behaviors Mediated by the Amygdala

Charlis Raineki, Millie Rincón Cortés, Laure Belnoue and Regina M. Sullivan
Journal of Neuroscience 30 May 2012, 32 (22) 7758-7765; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5843-11.2012
Charlis Raineki
Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, Child Study Center, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Orangeburg, New York 10962
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Millie Rincón Cortés
Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, Child Study Center, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Orangeburg, New York 10962
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Laure Belnoue
Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, Child Study Center, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Orangeburg, New York 10962
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Regina M. Sullivan
Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, Child Study Center, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Orangeburg, New York 10962
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Abstract

Abuse during early life, especially from the caregiver, increases vulnerability to develop later-life psychopathologies such as depression. Although signs of depression are typically not expressed until later life, signs of dysfunctional social behavior have been found earlier. How infant abuse alters the trajectory of brain development to produce pathways to pathology is not completely understood. Here we address this question using two different but complementary rat models of early-life abuse from postnatal day 8 (P8) to P12: a naturalistic paradigm, where the mother is provided with insufficient bedding for nest building; and a more controlled paradigm, where infants undergo olfactory classical conditioning. Amygdala neural assessment (c-Fos), as well as social behavior and forced swim tests were performed at preweaning (P20) and adolescence (P45). Our results show that both models of early-life abuse induce deficits in social behavior, even during the preweaning period; however, depressive-like behaviors were observed only during adolescence. Adolescent depressive-like behavior corresponds with an increase in amygdala neural activity in response to forced swim test. A causal relationship between the amygdala and depressive-like behavior was suggested through amygdala temporary deactivation (muscimol infusions), which rescued the depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Our results indicate that social behavior deficits in infancy could serve as an early marker for later psychopathology. Moreover, the implication of the amygdala in the ontogeny of depressive-like behaviors in infant abused animals is an important step toward understanding the underlying mechanisms of later-life mental disease associated with early-life abuse.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 32 (22)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 32, Issue 22
30 May 2012
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Effects of Early-Life Abuse Differ across Development: Infant Social Behavior Deficits Are Followed by Adolescent Depressive-Like Behaviors Mediated by the Amygdala
Charlis Raineki, Millie Rincón Cortés, Laure Belnoue, Regina M. Sullivan
Journal of Neuroscience 30 May 2012, 32 (22) 7758-7765; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5843-11.2012

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Effects of Early-Life Abuse Differ across Development: Infant Social Behavior Deficits Are Followed by Adolescent Depressive-Like Behaviors Mediated by the Amygdala
Charlis Raineki, Millie Rincón Cortés, Laure Belnoue, Regina M. Sullivan
Journal of Neuroscience 30 May 2012, 32 (22) 7758-7765; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5843-11.2012
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