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Articles, Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive

Processing of Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Memory over Sleep

Bengi Baran, Edward F. Pace-Schott, Callie Ericson and Rebecca M. C. Spencer
Journal of Neuroscience 18 January 2012, 32 (3) 1035-1042; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2532-11.2012
Bengi Baran
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Edward F. Pace-Schott
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Callie Ericson
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Rebecca M. C. Spencer
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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Study design and memory task. A, There were four groups. For the Sleep and Wake groups, the Encoding and Recognition Phases were separated by 12 h. The Morning and Evening control groups performed these phases within a session, ∼45 min apart. B, The task was an incidental memory task. During the Encoding Phase, participants viewed 60 pictures and rated the valence and arousal of each picture. During the Recognition Phase, participants viewed 60 target pictures intermingled with 120 foil pictures. Following the presentation of each picture, participants rated valence and arousal and made a yes/no memory judgment.

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    Figure 2.

    Performance and sleep physiology measures. A, Hit rate in Session 2. B, ΔValence was computed as the SAM Valence ratings for Session 2 minus SAM valence ratings for Session 1. C, ΔArousal was computed as the SAM Arousal rating for Session 2 minus SAM Arousal rating for Session 1 (error bars indicate SE). D, Relationship between REM and ΔValence was significant. The percentage of the third quarter of the night spent in REM (REM3%) negatively correlated with ΔValence for negative items.

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    Table 1.

    Valence and arousal ratings

    ValenceArousal
    TargetsFoilsTargetsFoils
    Negative
        Norms
            Range1.51–3.251.52–3.423.18–7.642.34–6.53
            Mean (SEM)2.28 (0.12)2.67 (0.12)5.56 (0.37)4.48 (0.31)
        Session 1, Mean (SEM)
            Sleep1.72 (0.06)6.32 (0.22)
            Wake1.77 (0.09)5.54 (0.38)
            Evening1.72 (0.13)7.05 (0.18)
            Morning1.64 (0.11)6.56 (0.36)
        Session 2, Mean (SEM)
            Sleep2.11 (0.09)1.89 (0.07)5.72 (0.23)5.93 (0.27)
            Wake2.41 (0.12)2.14 (0.09)4.37 (0.34)4.91 (0.46)
            Evening2.18 (0.15)2.03 (0.11)6.98 (0.24)6.81 (0.25)
            Morning2.29 (0.14)1.92 (0.15)6.40 (0.33)5.93 (0.52)
    Neutral
        Norms
            Range4.99–5.994.90–5.641.19–4.251.17–4.27
            Mean (SEM)5.48 (0.09)5.27 (0.07)2.23 (0.26)2.32 (0.26)
        Session 1, Mean (SEM)
            Sleep5.02 (0.02)2.28 (0.15)
            Wake5.04 (0.02)2.59 (0.27)
            Evening5.32 (0.09)
            Morning5.36 (0.11)
        Session 2, Mean (SEM)
            Sleep4.88 (0.04)4.91 (0.02)2.15 (0.12)2.12 (0.15)
            Wake4.90 (0.06)4.93 (0.04)2.36 (0.23)2.52 (0.30)
            Evening5.29 (0.09)4.91 (0.03)2.33 (0.34)2.42 (0.29)
            Morning4.96 (0.12)4.90 (0.04)2.14 (0.36)2.32 (0.36)
    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Memory accuracy across groups separated by valence

    MeanSEMF
    Hit rate (%)
        Negative
            Sleep82.261.415.53*
            Wake76.172.15
            Evening87.422.573.27
            Morning81.662.46
        Neutral
            Sleep74.001.858.51**
            Wake64.462.83
            Evening80.912.570.67
            Morning77.433.38
    False alarms (%)
        Negative
            Sleep16.471.412.32
            Wake19.851.48
            Evening12.122.570.49
            Morning11.562.16
        Neutral
            Sleep14.701.096.74*
            Wake19.521.51
            Evening12.412.160.49
            Morning10.803.11
    • F values are for simple ANOVAs contrasting either Sleep versus Wake (F(1,79)) or Morning versus Evening (F(1,22)).

    • ↵*p < 0.05;

    • ↵**p = 0.005.

    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Correlations between REM sleep measures and memory, ΔValence, and ΔArousal for negative pictures

    Hit rateΔValenceΔArousal
    Total REM%
        r−0.09−0.150.06
        p0.670.480.78
    REM3%
        r−0.23−0.41*0.22
        p0.270.040.29
    REM4%
        r0.09−0.080.01
        p0.650.690.97
    Total SWS%
        r−0.26−0.020.04
        p0.210.920.86
    SWS1%
        r0.02−0.020.18
        p0.930.940.40
    SWS2%
        r−0.170.040.05
        p0.410.840.82
    • Total REM% = percentage of the night in rapid eye movement sleep; REM3% = percentage of the third quarter of the night in REM; REM4% = percentage of the fourth quarter of the night in REM; Total SWS% = percentage of the night in slow wave sleep; SWS1% = percentage of the first quarter of the night in SWS; SWS2% = percentage of the second quarter of the night in SWS.

    • ↵*p < 0.05, two-tailed Pearson correlation.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 32 (3)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 32, Issue 3
18 Jan 2012
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Processing of Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Memory over Sleep
Bengi Baran, Edward F. Pace-Schott, Callie Ericson, Rebecca M. C. Spencer
Journal of Neuroscience 18 January 2012, 32 (3) 1035-1042; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2532-11.2012

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Processing of Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Memory over Sleep
Bengi Baran, Edward F. Pace-Schott, Callie Ericson, Rebecca M. C. Spencer
Journal of Neuroscience 18 January 2012, 32 (3) 1035-1042; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2532-11.2012
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