Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Abnormal DTI values in first-episode patients. Axial slices (bottom) and 3D rendering (top) demonstrate a global pattern for significant FA value decreases (red to yellow) and for significant MD value increases (blue to dark blue) throughout the white matter skeleton (green). The FA map is drawn on top of the MD map and on top of the skeleton.
- Figure 2.
Abnormal free-water values in first-episode patients. Axial slices (bottom) and 3D rendering (top) demonstrate a localized pattern for significant FAT value decreases (red to yellow) in fibers that pass through the frontal lobe. A global pattern for significant free-water value increases (blue to dark blue) is found throughout the white matter skeleton (green). The FAT map is drawn on top of the free-water map and on top of the skeleton.
- Figure 3.
Individual differences in FAT. Each first-episode patient had lower FAT values than age-matched controls when averaging within the area that showed significant voxelwise group differences in FAT. The clear separation between the two groups suggests that the FAT measure in this area (marked red to yellow in Fig. 2) is a strong biomarker for schizophrenia.
- Figure 4.
Global differences in free water. Free-water values in patients are globally significantly higher than free-water values in controls. The global pattern of increase is evident both in white and gray matter, in both hemispheres. Black lines represent the mean and the 95% confidence interval.
Tables
Controls First episode t test Number of subjects 20 18 Female 5 4 Male 15 14 Age (years) 24.05 ± 3.99 21.61 ± 4.34 t(36) = −1.88; p = 0.07 Education (years) 13.78 ± 2.51 14.17 ± 1.65 t(36) = 0.55; p = 0.59 Motion (mm) 0.70 ± 0.26 0.68 ± 0.26 t(36) = −0.22; p = 0.83 TE (ms) 85.84 ± 1.36 85.73 ± 1.28 t(36) = −0.26; p = 0.80 SNR (raw) 12.06 ± 1.47 12.12 ± 1.58 t(36) = 0.12; p = 0.91 SNR filtered 13.05 ± 1.14 13.22 ± 1.18 t(36) = 0.46; p = 0.65 CPZ (mg/d) 472.24 ± 651.33 Duration of illness (months) 6.19 ± 4.27 Duration of medication (months) 4.04 ± 3.58 Antipsychotic medication (typical/atypical/both/none) 1/12/2/3 The t test column holds the t statistic (with degrees of freedom) and significance value, p, for an unpaired two-sample t test.
Mean free water Difference t(df); p First episode Controls Left gray matter 0.1991 0.1826 0.0165 t(33) = 2.48; p = 0.0184 Right gray matter 0.2021 0.1885 0.0136 t(33) = 2.23; p = 0.0331 Left white matter 0.1145 0.1031 0.0115 t(33) = 2.54; p = 0.0161 Right white matter 0.1154 0.1042 0.0112 t(33) = 2.55; p = 0.0155 t(df) is the t statistic and degrees of freedom; p is the significance value.
In this issue
