Article Information
- Received July 23, 2012
- Revision received October 22, 2012
- Accepted October 29, 2012
- First published January 2, 2013.
- Version of record published January 2, 2013.
Author Information
- Deborah L. Grady1,
- Panayotis K. Thanos24,
- Maria M. Corrada5,
- Jeffrey C. Barnett Jr.3,
- Valentina Ciobanu1,
- Diana Shustarovich3,
- Anthony Napoli3,
- Alexandra G. Moyzis1,
- David Grandy6,
- Marcelo Rubinstein7,
- Gene-Jack Wang3,
- Claudia H. Kawas5,
- Chuansheng Chen8,
- Qi Dong9,
- Eric Wang1,10,11,
- Nora D. Volkow2,3,12, and
- Robert K. Moyzis1,9,11
- 1Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
- 2Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
- 3Behavioral Neuropharmocology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973,
- 4Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794,
- 5Department of Neurology, University of California, Orange, California 92868,
- 6Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, 97239,
- 7Institute for Research on Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology, National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina,
- 8Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
- 9National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Peoples Republic of China,
- 10Aria Diagnostics, Inc., San Jose, California 95138,
- 11Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, and
- 12National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Author contributions
Author contributions: D.G., P.K.T., A.N., D.L.G., M.R., G.-J.W., C.C., Q.D., N.D.V., and R.K.M. designed research; D.G., M.M.C., J.C.B., V.C., D.S., A.N., D.L.G., A.G.M., G.-J.W., C.H.K., C.C., E.W., N.D.V., and R.K.M. performed research; E.W. contributed unpublished reagents/analytic tools; M.M.C., V.C., D.L.G., M.R., C.H.K., Q.D., and R.K.M. analyzed data; N.D.V. and R.K.M. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
- Received July 23, 2012.
- Revision received October 22, 2012.
- Accepted October 29, 2012.
This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy and National Institute of Aging (to R.K.M.), a National Library of Medicine National Research Service Award (to E.W.), the National Institute of Aging (to C.H.K.), the 111 Gene/Brain/Behavior Project from the Ministry of Education of China (to Q.D.), and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Intramural Program (to N.D.V.). We dedicate this paper to Hubert H. M. Van Tol, whose pioneering work on the DRD4 protein will not be forgotten. We thank the participants, especially those of the 90+ Study, for their generous involvement in this project; Hao-Yuan Cheng and Simin Hakim for technical assistance; and Ruben Baler for editorial assistance.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
- Correspondence should be addressed to either of the following: Dr. Robert K. Moyzis, Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, rmoyzis{at}uci.edu; or Dr. Nora D. Volkow, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 5274, Bethesda, MD 20892, nvolkow{at}nida.nih.gov
