Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Performance of the Frame Recognition Task. y-axis: discrimination index (Pr). x-axis: High AS and Low AS group. AS by MSV interaction is significant (p = 0.05). Error bars indicate SEM.
- Figure 2.
Brain regions associated with AS by MSV interaction and percentage BOLD signal change in these regions. Images: brain fMRI activation maps associated with AS by MSV interaction in the bilateral IPL (left IPL, x = 36, y = −44, z = 50; right IPL, x = 34, y = −41, z = 42), the left IFG (x = −38, y = 3, z = 20), left FG (x = −55, y = −65, z = −9), right dMPFC (x = 22, y = −31, z = 48), and right precuneus (x = 8, y = −46, z = 50). Surface visualization (CARET; http://brainvis.wustl.edu) represents voxelwise z-statistical maps thresholded at z = 3.1 (cluster corrected p < 0.001). Bar charts: BOLD signal change in the brain regions associated with AS by MSV interaction. y-axis: percentage BOLD signal change. x-axis (from left to right): high AS and low AS groups. Error bars indicate SEM. Significant AS by MSV interactions (p < 0.05) in each brain region are represented by asterisks.
- Figure 3.
Left, dMPFC activation associated with AS by MSV interaction. Statistical map (yellow-red scale) is displayed over the MNI brain template and thresholded at z = 3.1 (cluster corrected at p < 0.001). Right, Correlation between percentage BOLD signal change in dMPFC and predicted cotinine levels at 1 month follow-up, adjusting for the baseline cotinine levels and AS groups.
Tables
High AS group Low AS group Baseline Race 20 Cau, 10 AA, 3 Asian 17 Cau, 12 AA, 1 Asian Gender 15M, 18F 16M, 14F Age (years) 29.03 ± 1.56 30.20 ± 1.89 Education level (years) 14.03 ± 0.33 14.32 ± 0.35 Cotinine (ng/ml) 1517.82 ± 378.91 1392.90 ± 216.11 IQS 2.45 ± 0.13 2.60 ± 0.13 FTND 4.48 ± 0.43 4.43 ± 0.44 Cigarettes per day 16.15 ± 1.01 14.97 ± 1.03 Immediately after MRI IQS 2.74 ± 0.14 2.63 ± 0.12 One month later Cotinine (ng/ml) 1100.89 ± 216.89 1565.50 ± 290.82 Cigarettes per day 13.93 ± 1.19 14.17 ± 1.69 Cau, Caucasian; AA, African American.
Regiona Hemisphere BAb Sizec Z-MAXd Xe Ye Ze Main effect of AS Lingual G. R 18 15246 8.59 23 −71 −10 Precuneus L 7 8.25 −5 −57 47 Precuneus R 7 8.35 14 −64 39 Cuneus R 7 8.26 25 −77 31 Middle Occipital G. R 19 5.90 29 −94 21 Superior Temporal G. L 42 8.37 −62 −22 11 Middle Temporal G. R 21 6267 7.47 58 7 −14 Middle Temporal G. R 22 8.45 48 −39 −1 Parahippocampal G. R 19 8.40 42 −41 −1 Precuneus L 7 7.69 −20 −58 30 Superior Temporal G. R 42 7.22 63 −31 16 Precentral G. R 4 5900 7.52 37 −16 48 Cingulate G. L 24 6.85 1 0 45 Precentral G. R 6 6.52 21 −15 64 Superior Frontal G. R 10 1977 6.52 22 51 27 Middle Frontal G. R 8 6.10 33 38 40 Superior Frontal G. R 9 4.97 29 56 34 Supramarginal G. R 40 1498 7.54 48 −45 30 Inferior Parietal Lobule R 40 7.40 52 −47 26 Inferior Temporal G. R 20 6.87 57 −60 −11 Insula R 13 6.78 37 −37 21 Middle Temporal G. R 39 6.20 59 −57 13 Superior Temporal G. R 22 5.98 35 −48 24 Parahippocampal G. R N/A 1269 5.56 22 −6 −10 Inferior Frontal G. R 47 5.34 24 34 −7 Hypothalamus R N/A 5.18 5 −6 −4 Parahippocampal G. R 34 4.19 12 −13 −19 Lentiform Nucleus R N/A 4.17 18 11 −7 Inferior Frontal G. R 9 1088 5.91 52 5 27 Inferior Frontal G. R 44 5.73 58 17 16 Middle Frontal G. R 6 5.54 42 −3 50 Precentral G. R 6 5.43 46 −3 51 Inferior Frontal G. R 46 4.68 56 29 9 Precentral G. L 6 1024 7.16 −33 0 25 Middle Frontal G. L 6 6.34 −41 4 43 Precentral G. L 9 5.87 −35 5 40 Middle Frontal G. L 6 5.65 −41 6 52 Middle Frontal G. L 9 5.15 −52 22 33 Main effect of MSV Fusiform G. R 37 39321 8.21 29 −42 −16 Cuneus L 18 8.15 −22 −82 29 Middle Occipital G. L 18 8.18 −18 −89 15 Middle Occipital G. L 19 8.15 −24 −81 5 Cuneus L 17 8.21 16 −83 5 Lingual G. L N/A 8.21 −32 −73 4 Medial Frontal G. L 6 2973 6.04 −1 −12 59 Superior Frontal G. L 6 5.99 −5 −1 63 Medial Frontal G. L 6 5.45 −7 3 56 Cingulate G. L 32 4.57 −9 12 42 Precentral G. L 4 4.56 21 −24 67 Cingulate G. L 24 4.56 −7 −6 48 Middle Temporal G. L 21 2403 7.17 −54 −28 −8 Parahippocampal G. L 19 5.98 −41 −38 −1 Caudate L N/A 4.23 −18 −36 15 Inferior Parietal Lobule L 40 1505 6.96 −56 −28 23 Inferior Frontal G. L 44 1147 5.69 −50 16 11
