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Articles, Behavioral/Cognitive

Neural Context Reinstatement Predicts Memory Misattribution

Samuel J. Gershman, Anna C. Schapiro, Almut Hupbach and Kenneth A. Norman
Journal of Neuroscience 15 May 2013, 33 (20) 8590-8595; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0096-13.2013
Samuel J. Gershman
1Department of Psychology and
2 Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540; and
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Anna C. Schapiro
1Department of Psychology and
2 Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540; and
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Almut Hupbach
3Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 18015
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Kenneth A. Norman
1Department of Psychology and
2 Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540; and
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Abstract

What causes new information to be mistakenly attributed to an old experience? Some theories predict that reinstating the context of a prior experience allows new information to be bound to that context, leading to source memory confusion. To examine this prediction, we had human participants study two lists of items (visual objects) on separate days while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. List 1 items were accompanied by a stream of scene images during the intertrial interval, but list 2 items were not. As in prior work by Hupbach et al. (2009), we observed an asymmetric pattern of misattributions on a subsequent source memory test: participants showed a strong tendency to misattribute list 2 items to list 1 but not vice versa. We hypothesized that these memory errors were due to participants reinstating the list 1 context during list 2. To test this hypothesis, we used a pattern classifier to measure scene-related neural activity during list 2 study. Because scenes were visually present during list 1 but not list 2, scene-related activity during list 2 study can be used as a time-varying neural indicator of how much participants were reinstating the list 1 context during list 2 study. In keeping with our hypothesis, we found that prestimulus scene activation during the study of list 2 items was significantly higher for items subsequently misattributed to list 1 than for items subsequently correctly attributed to list 2. We conclude by discussing how these findings relate to theories of memory reconsolidation.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 33 (20)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 33, Issue 20
15 May 2013
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Neural Context Reinstatement Predicts Memory Misattribution
Samuel J. Gershman, Anna C. Schapiro, Almut Hupbach, Kenneth A. Norman
Journal of Neuroscience 15 May 2013, 33 (20) 8590-8595; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0096-13.2013

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Neural Context Reinstatement Predicts Memory Misattribution
Samuel J. Gershman, Anna C. Schapiro, Almut Hupbach, Kenneth A. Norman
Journal of Neuroscience 15 May 2013, 33 (20) 8590-8595; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0096-13.2013
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