Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Schematic overview of gaze-contingent display to study natural vision. a, b, Natural high-definition videos (a) are decomposed into spatiotemporal bands (four spatial bands shown in b) in real time. c, The observer's gaze point is recorded at 1000 Hz and is used to select arbitrary weights in retinal coordinates for each screen refresh (here, a small Gaussian increment next to the gaze point in one spatial band). d, e, During pyramid synthesis at 120 Hz, the pyramid bands are multiplied with the weights (d), the sum of which is a locally contrast-modulated output video (e). The latency of the whole system is typically <22 ms.
- Figure 2.
Perisaccadic sensitivity. Left four panels show data for contrast modifications in the 0.375–0.75 cpd band; right two panels show data for the 1.5–3 cpd band. Symbols denote bins of 100 trials; solid lines are the best-fitting asymmetric Gaussians. In the active condition (dashed line, triangles), subjects freely made eye movements; in the passive condition (solid line, circles), the same retinal input was replayed by shifting the video while subjects maintained central fixation. Sensitivity was impaired during both active and passive saccades. When contrast increments were presented immediately after saccades (t > 0), sensitivity was enhanced compared to the passive condition.
- Figure 3.
Dissociation between retinotopic and geotopic coordinate systems. In rich natural scenes, target locations frequently coincide with identifiable features. In this example, a contrast increment is presented retinotopically to the right of the fovea and geotopically appears on a tree trunk. After a large saccade near stimulus offset, retinotopic and geotopic positions can be reversed. Here, the response in retinal coordinates remains “right” after a large right-ward saccade, whereas the geotopic target location (tree trunk) is now on the left of the fovea. Subjects frequently erroneously report the geotopic location of the target (see Fig. 4a).
- Figure 4.
Geotopic mislocalization. Symbols denote means in 20-ms-wide temporal bins; shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals of the probability of eye movement directions relative to response directions. Congruent eye movements (solid black) are in the same direction as the subsequent response, whereas anti-congruent eye movements (dashed light gray line) are in the opposite direction. For example, a “left” response (to the tree trunk) in Figure 3 would be incongruent with the rightward saccade. a, Data for the active condition. Briefly after stimulus offset, responses were most likely to be in the opposite direction of the eye movement (light gray triangles, dashed line). Later, after stimulus offset, this pattern reversed and responses were most likely to be in the same direction (solid black curve) as the eye movement. b, Data for the passive condition.
