Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Results of the temporal tasks. A, Schematic representation of the experimental paradigm (detailed in Materials and Methods). B, Average (SEM indicated) of individual discrimination thresholds (i.e., Weber fractions: ΔT/T) after paired-pulse TMS of V1 and V5/MT at three different delays (different shades of blue and red for V1 and V5/MT, respectively) after either interval onset (encoding) or offset (working memory). In the top thresholds are indexed as the change with respect to the vertex stimulation (i.e., average of the two vertex blocks) as follows: site-vertex/vertex. The bottom shows the averaged thresholds not normalized to the vertex; gray and white bar are respectively the vertex and no-TMS condition. C, Left, correlations across subjects between discrimination thresholds obtained after TMS of V1 and V5/MT 85 ms (light gray) and 120 ms (black) after interval onset. Right, correlations across subjects between discrimination thresholds obtained after TMS of V1 at the 50 ms delay and V5/MT at the 85 ms delay after interval offset. Asterisks represent the results of the paired t test significant at *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. Plus symbols represent the results of the one-sample t tests significant at +p < 0.05 and ++p < 0.01 (Table 1).
- Figure 2.
Results of the visual nontemporal tasks. Average (SEM indicated) of individual discrimination thresholds for V1 and V5/MT paired-pulse TMS at the three different delays (different shades of blue and red for V1 and V5/MT, respectively) after either interval onset (encoding) or offset (working memory). Top, Thresholds are indexed as the change with respect to the vertex stimulation (i.e., average of the two vertex blocks) as follows: site-vertex/vertex. Bottom, Averaged thresholds not normalized to the vertex; gray and white bar are, respectively, the vertex and no-TMS condition.
Tables
- Table 1.
T values of paired (left) and one-sample (right) t test computed on discrimination thresholds (i.e., Weber fractions: ΔT/T) normalized to the vertex stimulation
TMS delays Paired t test One-sample t test 1–2 1–3 2–3 1 2 3 Exp 1 V1 2.27 4.32 1.76 −1.23 1.91 4.40 0.01** <0.001** 0.045* 0.88 0.03* <0.001** V5 2.03 3.02 1.01 −0.49 2.18 3.33 0.03* 0.003** 0.16 0.68 0.02* 0.003** Exp 2 V1 2.64 0.82 −1.60 1.93 −1.85 0.69 0.007** 0.21 0.94 0.04* 0.96 0.25 V5 2.61 1.19 1.09 −1.01 2.70 0.72 0.007** 0.12 0.14 0.83 0.01** 0.24
