Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Early odor preference memory is extended to 48 h by multiday training. Bars show percentage of time spent over peppermint-scented bedding in a two-choice test. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. Error bars are mean ± SEM.
- Figure 2.
Lateralized learning is induced by single naris occlusion. A, Percentage of time spent over peppermint-scented bedding among different groups in a two-choice test. The behavioral protocol is shown at the top. O/S+ or O/S− animals with single naris occluded during training underwent odor preference testing, first with the same naris occluded and then with the opposite naris occluded. *p < 0.05. Error bars are mean ± SEM. B, pCREB expression in the occluded (L) and the spared (R) hemispheres following peppermint exposure in a single-naris-occluded pup. Arrows indicate mitral cell layer in the olfactory bulb (OB) and pyramidal cell layer (PCL) in the aPC. Scale bars, 500 μm. C1, C2, Assessment of tissue integrity and cell functioning following multiday reversible naris occlusions. C1, Nissl staining of the olfactory bulb and aPC. Arrows indicate mitral cell layer (MCL) and pyramidal cell layer. Scale bars, 500 μm. C2, pCREB staining of the corresponding areas indicated by arrows in C1, under higher magnifications. Scale bars, 100 μm.
- Figure 3.
Learning induces LTP-like changes at the LOT to pyramidal cell synapse. A1, A2, I/O relationships and PPRs at the LOT synapses in the piriform cortex 48 h after 1 d O/S+ training. Recordings from occluded and spared slices of the same animals were compared. A1, Top, Examples of fEPSP traces at various stimulation intensities in an occluded and a spared slice from the same animal. Middle, I/O relationship of the slopes of the EPSPs and the sizes of the presynaptic volleys (FVs) from these two slices. Bottom, Average I/O from the two groups. A2, Top, Example traces of paired-pulse recordings from an occluded and a spared slice from the same animal. Bottom, Average PPRs of the two groups. B1, B2, I/Os and PPRs of fEPSPs in the piriform cortex 48 h after multiday O/S+ training. C1, C2, I/O and PPRs of fEPSPs in the piriform cortex 48 h after multiday O/S− training. Scale bars, 0.5 mV/5 ms. *p < 0.05. Error bars, mean ± SEM.
- Figure 4.
Learning results in enhanced pyramidal cell responses to perithreshold LOT stimulations. A, Steps diagramming methods used to construct activity maps of cell ensembles. B1, B2, I/O relationships showing percentages of activated cells at various stimulation intensities from two hemispheres of the same animals. Closed circles indicate data from the occluded hemispheres; open circles are data from the spared hemispheres. B3, Comparison of the half maximum activation intensities in the occluded and spared hemispheres in the O/S+ and O/S− groups. C1, C2, Averaged I/O relationships in the O/S+ and O/S− groups. Data are fit with sigmoid curves. *p < 0.05. Error bars are mean ± SEM.
