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Articles, Behavioral/Cognitive

Functional Maturation of the Executive System during Adolescence

Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Daniel H. Wolf, Guray Erus, Kosha Ruparel, Mark A. Elliott, Efstathios D. Gennatas, Ryan Hopson, Chad Jackson, Karthik Prabhakaran, Warren B. Bilker, Monica E. Calkins, James Loughead, Alex Smith, David R. Roalf, Hakon Hakonarson, Ragini Verma, Christos Davatzikos, Ruben C. Gur and Raquel E. Gur
Journal of Neuroscience 9 October 2013, 33 (41) 16249-16261; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2345-13.2013
Theodore D. Satterthwaite
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Daniel H. Wolf
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Guray Erus
2Radiology, and
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Kosha Ruparel
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Mark A. Elliott
2Radiology, and
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Efstathios D. Gennatas
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Ryan Hopson
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Chad Jackson
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Karthik Prabhakaran
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Warren B. Bilker
3Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104,
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Monica E. Calkins
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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James Loughead
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Alex Smith
2Radiology, and
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David R. Roalf
1Departments of Psychiatry and
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Hakon Hakonarson
4Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA 19104, and
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Ragini Verma
2Radiology, and
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Christos Davatzikos
2Radiology, and
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Ruben C. Gur
1Departments of Psychiatry and
2Radiology, and
5Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia PA 19104
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Raquel E. Gur
1Departments of Psychiatry and
2Radiology, and
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Abstract

Adolescence is characterized by rapid development of executive function. Working memory (WM) is a key element of executive function, but it is not known what brain changes during adolescence allow improved WM performance. Using a fractal n-back fMRI paradigm, we investigated brain responses to WM load in 951 human youths aged 8–22 years. Compared with more limited associations with age, WM performance was robustly associated with both executive network activation and deactivation of the default mode network. Multivariate patterns of brain activation predicted task performance with a high degree of accuracy, and also mediated the observed age-related improvements in WM performance. These results delineate a process of functional maturation of the executive system, and suggest that this process allows for the improvement of cognitive capability seen during adolescence.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 33 (41)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 33, Issue 41
9 Oct 2013
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Functional Maturation of the Executive System during Adolescence
Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Daniel H. Wolf, Guray Erus, Kosha Ruparel, Mark A. Elliott, Efstathios D. Gennatas, Ryan Hopson, Chad Jackson, Karthik Prabhakaran, Warren B. Bilker, Monica E. Calkins, James Loughead, Alex Smith, David R. Roalf, Hakon Hakonarson, Ragini Verma, Christos Davatzikos, Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur
Journal of Neuroscience 9 October 2013, 33 (41) 16249-16261; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2345-13.2013

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Functional Maturation of the Executive System during Adolescence
Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Daniel H. Wolf, Guray Erus, Kosha Ruparel, Mark A. Elliott, Efstathios D. Gennatas, Ryan Hopson, Chad Jackson, Karthik Prabhakaran, Warren B. Bilker, Monica E. Calkins, James Loughead, Alex Smith, David R. Roalf, Hakon Hakonarson, Ragini Verma, Christos Davatzikos, Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur
Journal of Neuroscience 9 October 2013, 33 (41) 16249-16261; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2345-13.2013
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