Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Temporal sequence of the task and stimulus. The visual stimulus (contrast grating pattern) appeared 0.6 s after the target flash (red small marker), started to move leftward or rightward 0.1 s after the button release, and lasted 0.4 s. In the hand-movement blocks, subjects were instructed to make a smooth reaching movement after releasing the button and touch the location of flashed target on the screen (see Materials and Methods for details). Note that stimulus motion started just after reaching start (button release) in the hand-movement blocks.
- Figure 2.
Difference in hand and eye responses for the two spatial frequency stimuli recorded simultaneously. a, Temporal patterns of hand (left) and eye (right) responses of a particular subject to the 50° stimuli with spatial frequencies of 0.05 cpd (solid curve) and 0.2 cpd (dashed curve) in Exp. 1. Each response was characterized by taking the difference between corresponding accelerations for rightward and leftward stimuli. Time 0 denotes the visual motion onset, and the thick black horizontal bar denotes the temporal mean duration (hand, 120–160 ms; eye, 80–120 ms) for the quantifying response amplitude. b, Mean response amplitudes of the hand (left) and eye (right) for the visual motion with spatial frequencies of 0.05 and 0.2 cpd (top diagrams), respectively. Each error bar denotes the SE. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.005) in the paired t test.
- Figure 3.
Hand and eye response changes for various center stimuli. a, Stimulus-size tunings of hand (left) and eye (right) response amplitudes for different spatial frequencies (0.02, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.8 cpd). Amplitude was quantified by temporal averaging for the duration indicated by solid black bars in Figure 2a. Each error bar denotes the corresponding SE across subjects. b, Temporal developments of spatial frequency tunings of hand (top) and eye (bottom) responses for the center stimuli with the size of 10, 20, 40, and 50°. Spatial frequencies of the tuning peaks for the hand were different between the smaller stimuli (0.2 cpd for the 10 and 20°) and the larger stimuli (0.05 cpd for 40 and 50°), whereas the peaks for the eye were the same for all stimuli (0.2 cpd for the 10, 20, 40, and 50°).
- Figure 4.
Hand and eye response changes for various center-masked stimuli. a, Acceleration and velocity temporal patterns of hand (left) and eye (right) responses (rightward stimulus − leftward stimulus) for 0.05 cpd grating stimuli with 0° (dotted curve) and 40° (solid curve) masks (illustrated at the top middle), averaged across subjects. b, Mask-size tunings of hand (left) and eye (right) response amplitudes for different spatial frequencies. Statistical analyses indicate that the eye response significantly decreased with mask size for all spatial frequencies but the hand response did not, especially for the 0.05 cpd stimuli (see Results). c, Temporal developments of spatial frequency tunings of hand and eye responses for the mask stimuli with the size of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 50°.
