Article Information
- Received September 25, 2012
- Revision received November 5, 2013
- Accepted November 8, 2013
- First published December 31, 2013.
- Version of record published December 31, 2013.
Author Information
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100871, China,
- 2Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Peking University-International Data Group-McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,
- 3China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China, and
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
Author contributions
Author contributions: M.L. and S.T. designed research; M.L., F.L., and S.T. performed research; M.L., M.J., and S.T. analyzed data; M.J. and S.T. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
- Received September 25, 2012.
- Revision received November 5, 2013.
- Accepted November 8, 2013.
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China Outstanding Young Researcher Award 30525016, the National Science Foundation of China project 90408030, the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to S.T., the National Science Foundation of China project 30810103906 to S.T. and M.J., Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant BB/F012071 to M.J., and Jane and Aatos Erkko Fellowship to M.J. We thank Amiram Grinvald for advice on how to perform long-term optical imaging in alert monkeys, Horace Barlow for discussions, and Roger Hardie, Hugh Robinson, Gonzalo de Polavieja, Wu Li, Robert Desimone, and two anonymous referees for comments.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
- Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Shiming Tang, Peking University-Tsinghua University Joint Center for Life Sciences and Peking University-International Data Group-McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China. tangshm{at}sun5.ibp.ac.cn
