Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
mPFC FC in healthy controls versus TMD patients. A, Location of the mPFC seed region in standard MNI152 space. B, Brain regions exhibiting resting state FC with the mPFC in healthy controls (HC) (n = 17) and TMD patients (n = 17). C, Brain regions exhibiting enhanced resting state FC with the mPFC in TMD patients compared with healthy controls. All statistical images are thresholded at whole-brain FWE-corrected Z > 2.3; cluster-based p < 0.05. LTC, Lateral temporal cortex; MTL, medial temporal lobe; FC, functional connectivity; HC, healthy controls.
- Figure 2.
A, Relationship between resting state mPFC FC and pain rumination. A, Brain regions exhibiting a significant positive relationship between pain rumination and mPFC FC in TMD patients (n = 17; FWE-corrected Z > 2.3; cluster-based p < 0.05). Correlation plots for mPFC FC with the mThal and PAG/PVG show pain rumination versus contrast of parameter estimate values extracted from the MNI coordinates listed in Table 2. B, Results of group interaction analysis showing regions with stronger relationship between mPFC FC and pain rumination in patients compared with control subjects, largely similar to regions shown in A (FWE-corrected Z > 2.3; cluster-based p < 0.05). Correlation plot shows pain rumination versus contrast of parameter estimate values extracted from PCC/PCu peak coordinates for patients (red, circles) and controls (blue, diamonds). The interaction of pain rumination with group is significant in the regions shown (p = 0.0068 in peak voxel on the map). mThal, Medial thalamus.
- Figure 3.
Top, Overlay of regions exhibiting significantly enhanced mPFC FC in TMD patients compared with healthy controls (green) and regions exhibiting a significant positive relationship between pain rumination and mPFC FC in TMD patients (blue). A cluster of 108 voxels in the PCC/PCu displayed overlap between the two statistical images. Middle, Mean contrast of parameter estimate values within the 108-voxel overlapping PCC/PCu cluster for mPFC FC plotted for individuals in healthy control and patient groups. Bottom, Pain rumination scores within the TMD group plotted against mean contrast of parameter estimate values within the 108-voxel overlapping PCC/PCu cluster for mPFC FC.
- Figure 4.
PCC FC in healthy controls and TMD patients. A, Location of the PCC seed region in standard MNI152 space. B, Brain regions exhibiting resting state FC with the PCC in healthy controls (n = 17) and TMD patients (n = 17). All statistical images are thresholded at whole-brain FWE-corrected Z > 2.3; cluster-based p < 0.05. IPL, Inferior parietal lobule; LTC, lateral temporal cortex.
Tables
- Table 1.
Peak MNI coordinates for regions with significant mPFC resting state functional connectivity in TMD patients and healthy controls, and significantly enhanced mPFC functional connectivity in TMD patients compared with healthy controls (FWE-corrected at Z > 2.3, cluster-based threshold of p < 0.05)
Region Z-max Peak voxel (MNI coordinates, mm) x y z mPFC functional connectivity Controls mPFC 9.0 0 58 −8 R precuneus 3.66 8 −64 36 R parahippocampal gyrus 4.5 30 −10 −34 R middle frontal gyrus 3.38 26 32 34 L parahippocampal gyrus 3.17 −34 −10 −34 R superior frontal gyrus 2.82 28 36 54 PCC 2.74 2 −14 30 L superior frontal gyrus 2.74 −4 32 62 R temporal pole 2.69 50 8 −30 Retrosplenial cortex 2.72 −8 −52 8 TMD mPFC 7.72 −2 58 −4 L inferior parietal lobule 4.76 −38 −78 36 R inferior parietal lobule 5.12 50 −68 26 R lateral temporal cortex 4.69 60 −12 −20 L lateral temporal cortex 4.15 −64 −18 −14 Visual cortex 3.66 4 −90 2 R orbitofrontal cortex 3.98 36 32 −18 L posterior thalamus 3.65 −8 −30 −2 R parahippocampal gyrus 2.86 12 4 −20 R orbitofrontal cortex 2.55 −18 22 −22 TMD > controls Lingual gyrus 3.74 6 −66 6 Occipital pole 3.17 −2 −88 −2 R PCC/precuneus (ventral) 3.15 22 −62 12 Precuneus (dorsal) 3.11 0 −78 42 R retrosplenial cortex 3.07 8 −50 −8 The image was thresholded at Z > 3 to obtain peak coordinates.
- Table 2.
Peak MNI coordinates for regions showing a significant positive correlation between mPFC functional connectivity and pain rumination in TMD patients (FWE-corrected at Z > 2.3, cluster-based threshold of p < 0.05)
Region Z-max Peak voxel (MNI coordinates, mm) r p x y z Positive correlation between mPFC FC and pain rumination in TMD PCC 3.23 2 −36 10 0.70 0.002 R medial thalamus 3.39 4 −16 8 0.75 0.0006 L PCC/precuneus 3.54 −6 −52 18 0.77 0.0003 R medial thalamus 3.49 10 −24 8 0.71 0.001 Midbrain 3.6 2 −30 −2 0.76 0.0004 L anterior thalamus 3.7 −2 −6 0 0.75 0.0005 R PCC/precuneus 3.04 4 −50 18 0.70 0.002 R retrosplenial cortex 3.13 6 −52 8 0.70 0.002 PVG/PAG 2.55 2 −30 −6 0.61 0.009 The image was thresholded at Z > 3 to obtain peak coordinates (with exception of PVG/PAG where peak voxel at level of z = −6 is shown). Pearson's correlation coefficient values were extracted from voxels at listed coordinates.
