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Articles, Development/Plasticity/Repair

Mapping Longitudinal Development of Local Cortical Gyrification in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age

Gang Li, Li Wang, Feng Shi, Amanda E. Lyall, Weili Lin, John H. Gilmore and Dinggang Shen
Journal of Neuroscience 19 March 2014, 34 (12) 4228-4238; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3976-13.2014
Gang Li
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Research Center,
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Li Wang
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Research Center,
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Feng Shi
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Research Center,
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Amanda E. Lyall
2Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and
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Weili Lin
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Research Center,
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John H. Gilmore
2Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and
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Dinggang Shen
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Research Center,
3Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    A 2D illustration of establishing correspondences between the outer cortical surface and the cerebral hull surface based on Laplace's equation, with the orange curves indicating the streamlines.

  • Figure 2.
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    Figure 2.

    Illustrations of computing local GIs on a representative subject at 0, 1, and 2 years of age. a, N-ring neighborhood (red) on the resampled outer cortical surfaces of the yellow vertex. b, Corresponding regions (red) on the cerebral hull surfaces, established by Laplace's equation. c, Spatial distributions of the local GI on the lateral views of both cortical surfaces and their inflated surfaces at 0, 1, and 2 years of age. d, Spatial distributions of the local GI on the medial views of both cortical surfaces and their inflated surfaces at 0, 1, and 2 years of age. The insula cortex has the highest LGI because of its extremely folded and deeply buried structure.

  • Figure 3.
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    Figure 3.

    Average local GI on the left hemispheres of all 73 subjects by the proposed method with different N-ring neighborhoods (from N = 50 to N = 70) and by the conventional method with the radius 20 mm at 0, 1, and 2 years of age. The highest LGI is consistently found in the insula cortex due to its extremely folded and deeply buried structure.

  • Figure 4.
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    Figure 4.

    The distribution of longitudinal cortical GIs of 73 subjects at 0, 1, and 2 years of age. A, Left hemisphere; B, right hemisphere.

  • Figure 5.
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    Figure 5.

    Longitudinal cortical LGI development in the first 2 years of life for 73 subjects by the proposed method with N = 60. The left column shows the average growth percentage of the cortical LGI. The right column shows the significant high-growth and low-growth regions of LGIs by TFCE method (p < 0.01). Blue clusters are the low-growth regions of LGIs. Red clusters are the high-growth regions of LGIs. a–c, Results for 0–1 year, 1–2 years, and 0–2 years.

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    Figure 6.

    Significant clusters of high-growth (red) and low-growth (blue) regions of LGIs in the first 2 years of life found from 73 subjects by TFCE method (p < 0.01) with N = 50 and N = 70. a–c, Results for 0–1 year (a), 1–2 years (b), and 0–2 years (c).

  • Figure 7.
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    Figure 7.

    Longitudinal cortical LGI development in the first 2 years of life for 73 subjects, computed by the conventional method with the radius 20 mm. The left column shows the average growth percentage of the cortical LGIs. The right column shows the significant high-growth and low-growth regions of LGIs by TFCE method (p < 0.01). Blue and red clusters are the low-growth and high-growth regions of LGIs, respectively. a–c, Results for 0–1 year (a), 1–2 years (b), and 0–2 years (c).

  • Figure 8.
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    Figure 8.

    Significant clusters of gender differences on LGIs (p < 0.05, multiple-comparisons corrected), at 0, 1, and 2 years of age, by including TBV as a confounding factor. Red clusters indicate that males have larger LGIs than females. No significant cluster of gender difference on LGIs is found in other cortical regions.

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    Figure 9.

    Significant clusters (nonwhite colors) of positive correlations between LGI growth and TBV growth (p < 0.05, multiple-comparisons corrected) in the first 2 years of life. Significant clusters are color-coded by t values. a–c, Results for 0–1 year (a), 1–2 years (b), and 0–2 years (c).

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Demographic information of the infant cohort

    AllMaleFemale
    Subject734231
        Singleton302010
        Twin432221
    Age at neonatal MRI (days)25.5 ± 10.827.3 ± 13.123.0 ± 6.1
    Age at year 1 MRI (days)392.8 ± 22.1390.0 ± 21.6396.6 ± 22.4
    Age at year 2 MRI (days)758.1 ± 38.1765.4 ± 37.4748.2 ± 37.4
    • View popup
    Table 2.

    The mean and SD of longitudinal cortical GI and average LGI of the 73 subjects at 0, 1, and 2 years of age, respectively

    GI0-year-old1-year-old2-year-old
    LeftRightLeftRightLeftRight
    Subjects
        All (n = 73)2.01 ± 0.091.98 ± 0.092.32 ± 0.072.31 ± 0.072.47 ± 0.072.46 ± 0.08
        Male (n = 42)2.05 ± 0.092.02 ± 0.082.34 ± 0.082.33 ± 0.072.50 ± 0.062.50 ± 0.06
        Female (n = 31)1.96 ± 0.081.94 ± 0.082.30 ± 0.062.29 ± 0.072.43 ± 0.062.42 ± 0.07
    Average LGI
        All (n = 73)2.01 ± 0.101.95 ± 0.102.39 ± 0.082.33 ± 0.082.57 ± 0.082.51 ± 0.09
        Male (n = 42)2.05 ± 0.091.99 ± 0.092.42 ± 0.092.36 ± 0.082.61 ± 0.082.55 ± 0.07
        Female (n = 31)1.95 ± 0.091.90 ± 0.092.36 ± 0.062.30 ± 0.072.52 ± 0.072.46 ± 0.08
    • View popup
    Table 3.

    The mean and SD of longitudinal cortical GI and average LGI growth percentages of the 73 subjects from 0 to 2 years of age

    GI0–1 year growth (%)1–2 year growth (%)0–2 year growth (%)
    LeftRightLeftRightLeftRight
    Subjects
        All (n = 73)15.6 ± 5.016.6 ± 4.56.5 ± 2.16.7 ± 2.123.1 ± 4.924.4 ± 4.5
        Male (n = 42)14.6 ± 5.115.8 ± 4.86.7 ± 2.47.1 ± 2.322.2 ± 5.224.0 ± 4.9
        Female (n = 31)17.0 ± 4.617.7 ± 3.96.2 ± 1.76.1 ± 1.624.2 ± 4.424.9 ± 4.0
    Average LGI
        All (n = 73)19.1 ± 5.119.4 ± 5.07.6 ± 2.57.7 ± 2.428.0 ± 5.428.6 ± 4.9
        Male (n = 42)17.8 ± 5.418.4 ± 5.17.9 ± 2.78.2 ± 2.627.0 ± 5.728.0 ± 5.0
        Female (n = 31)20.7 ± 5.120.8 ± 4.77.2 ± 2.17.0 ± 1.829.3 ± 4.629.3 ± 4.5
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The Journal of Neuroscience: 34 (12)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 34, Issue 12
19 Mar 2014
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Mapping Longitudinal Development of Local Cortical Gyrification in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age
Gang Li, Li Wang, Feng Shi, Amanda E. Lyall, Weili Lin, John H. Gilmore, Dinggang Shen
Journal of Neuroscience 19 March 2014, 34 (12) 4228-4238; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3976-13.2014

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Mapping Longitudinal Development of Local Cortical Gyrification in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age
Gang Li, Li Wang, Feng Shi, Amanda E. Lyall, Weili Lin, John H. Gilmore, Dinggang Shen
Journal of Neuroscience 19 March 2014, 34 (12) 4228-4238; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3976-13.2014
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Keywords

  • cortical folding
  • cortical surface
  • infant
  • local gyrification
  • longitudinal development

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