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Articles, Behavioral/Cognitive

Damage to the Salience Network and Interactions with the Default Mode Network

Sagar R. Jilka, Gregory Scott, Timothy Ham, Alan Pickering, Valerie Bonnelle, Rodrigo M. Braga, Robert Leech and David J. Sharp
Journal of Neuroscience 13 August 2014, 34 (33) 10798-10807; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0518-14.2014
Sagar R. Jilka
1Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom,
2Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths College, University of London, SE14 6NW, United Kingdom,
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Gregory Scott
1Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom,
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Timothy Ham
4Systems and Restorative Neurology, University of Cambridge Neurology Unit, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom, and
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Alan Pickering
2Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths College, University of London, SE14 6NW, United Kingdom,
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Valerie Bonnelle
5Oxford University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
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Rodrigo M. Braga
1Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom,
3MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom,
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Robert Leech
1Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom,
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David J. Sharp
1Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom,
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Abstract

Interactions between the Salience Network (SN) and the Default Mode Network (DMN) are thought to be important for cognitive control. However, evidence for a causal relationship between the networks is limited. Previously, we have reported that traumatic damage to white matter tracts within the SN predicts abnormal DMN function. Here we investigate the effect of this damage on network interactions that accompany changing motor control. We initially used fMRI of the Stop Signal Task to study response inhibition in humans. In healthy subjects, functional connectivity (FC) between the right anterior insula (rAI), a key node of the SN, and the DMN transiently increased during stopping. This change in FC was not seen in a group of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with impaired cognitive control. Furthermore, the amount of SN tract damage negatively correlated with FC between the networks. We confirmed these findings in a second group of TBI patients. Here, switching rather than inhibiting a motor response: (1) was accompanied by a similar increase in network FC in healthy controls; (2) was not seen in TBI patients; and (3) tract damage after TBI again correlated with FC breakdown. This shows that coupling between the rAI and DMN increases with cognitive control and that damage within the SN impairs this dynamic network interaction. This work provides compelling evidence for a model of cognitive control where the SN is involved in the attentional capture of salient external stimuli and signals the DMN to reduce its activity when attention is externally focused.

  • Default Mode Network
  • functional connectivity
  • psychophysiological interactions
  • salience network
  • traumatic brain injury

This article is freely available online through the J Neurosci Author Open Choice option.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 34 (33)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 34, Issue 33
13 Aug 2014
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Damage to the Salience Network and Interactions with the Default Mode Network
Sagar R. Jilka, Gregory Scott, Timothy Ham, Alan Pickering, Valerie Bonnelle, Rodrigo M. Braga, Robert Leech, David J. Sharp
Journal of Neuroscience 13 August 2014, 34 (33) 10798-10807; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0518-14.2014

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Damage to the Salience Network and Interactions with the Default Mode Network
Sagar R. Jilka, Gregory Scott, Timothy Ham, Alan Pickering, Valerie Bonnelle, Rodrigo M. Braga, Robert Leech, David J. Sharp
Journal of Neuroscience 13 August 2014, 34 (33) 10798-10807; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0518-14.2014
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Keywords

  • default mode network
  • functional connectivity
  • psychophysiological interactions
  • salience network
  • traumatic brain injury

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