Ceiling Effects Prevent Further Improvement of Transcranial Stimulation in Skilled Musicians

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Figure 1.
Group means of the key-press and key-release timings of the first seven strokes in the pretest (top) and post-test (bottom), with the left hand in the RcLa condition in the expert pianists (left) and nonmusicians (right). A left and right edge of a black horizontal bar corresponds to timing of the key-press and key-release of each stroke, respectively. x-axis and y-axis indicates time and pitch, respectively. Time 0 indicates the moment of the initial stroke.
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Figure 2.
Group means of the change in the IKI-SD (A, B), CD-mean (C, D), and CD-SD (E, D) following the stimulation for the expert pianists (black) and nonmusicians (white) at the right (A, C, E) and left hand (B, D, F). x-axis indicates the stimulation protocols. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. Error bar indicates SEM within each of the groups.

Table 1.

Baseline motor performance at the pretest^{^a}