Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Effect of Ex-9 on water intake stimulated by hypertonic saline. Rats (n = 11) received a subcutaneous injection of isotonic saline (white bars) or hypertonic saline (black bars), before an LV injection of vehicle or Ex-9. A repeated-measures design was used so that all rats received all four treatment conditions, in balanced order, with at least 4 d between treatments. A, Treatment with Ex-9 increased total water intake during the 2 h test in all rats regardless of saline treatment. B, Treatment with Ex-9 increased the number of licking bursts during the 2 h test. C, Treatment with Ex-9 had no effect on the number of licks per burst. D, An LV injection of vehicle (Veh) did not affect fluid intake in rats given subcutaneous hypertonic saline. Asterisks indicate a main effect of Ex-9 versus vehicle (p < 0.05).
- Figure 2.
Effect of Ex-9 on water and saline intakes stimulated by WD-PR. Rats (n = 15) were fluid deprived for 24 h (black bars) or were not fluid deprived (white bars), before 1.5 h access to water. Rats then were given an LV injection of vehicle or Ex-9 30 min before a two-bottle intake test of 1.5% saline and water. A repeated-measures design was used so that all rats received all four treatment conditions, in balanced order, with at least 4 d between treatments. Ex-9 increased total saline (A) and water (B) intakes during the 2 h test in all rats regardless of water deprivation condition. Ex-9 increased the number of licking bursts for saline (C) and water (D) during the 2 h test. Ex-9 had no effect on the number of licks per burst for saline (E) or for water (F). Asterisks indicate a main effect of Ex-9 versus vehicle (Veh; p < 0.05).
- Figure 3.
Effect of water and food intakes on circulating GLP-1. Rats (n = 6–7 per group) were deprived of water (gray bars) or food (black bars) for 24 h, or were not deprived (ND; white bar). Trunk blood was collected immediately after the deprivation period (0 min) or after subsequent access to water (10 min or 30 min; water-deprived rats) or food (30 min; food-deprived rats). There was no observed change in plasma GLP-1 after water deprivation or water intake, but there was an increase after food intake. Asterisks indicate difference from food deprived (p < 0.05).
- Figure 4.
Effect of water and food intake on proglucagon and GLP-1R mRNA in the NTS and ileum. Rats (n = 5–6 per group) were deprived of water (gray bars) or food (black bars) for 24 h, or were not deprived (white bar). Brains were removed immediately after the deprivation period (0 min) or after subsequent access to water (0.5 h, 1.5 h, or 4 h; water-deprived rats) or food (1.5 h or 4 h; food-deprived rats). Proglucagon mRNA in the NTS was elevated 4 h after access to water, whereas proglucagon mRNA in the NTS was elevated 1.5 h after access to food (A). There was no effect of water or food intake on GLP-1R mRNA in the NTS (B), proglucagon mRNA in the ileum (C), or GLP-1R mRNA in the ileum (D). Asterisks indicate difference from non-deprived (p < 0.05).
