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Brief Communications

Sex Differences in the Brain's Dopamine Signature of Cigarette Smoking

Kelly P. Cosgrove, Shuo Wang, Su-Jin Kim, Erin McGovern, Nabeel Nabulsi, Hong Gao, David Labaree, Hemant D. Tagare, Jenna M. Sullivan and Evan D. Morris
Journal of Neuroscience 10 December 2014, 34 (50) 16851-16855; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3661-14.2014
Kelly P. Cosgrove
1Yale PET Center,
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology,
3Department of Psychiatry, and
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Shuo Wang
1Yale PET Center,
4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
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Su-Jin Kim
1Yale PET Center,
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology,
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Erin McGovern
3Department of Psychiatry, and
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Nabeel Nabulsi
1Yale PET Center,
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology,
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Hong Gao
1Yale PET Center,
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology,
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David Labaree
1Yale PET Center,
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology,
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Hemant D. Tagare
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology,
4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
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Jenna M. Sullivan
1Yale PET Center,
4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
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Evan D. Morris
1Yale PET Center,
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology,
3Department of Psychiatry, and
4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
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Abstract

Cigarette smoking is a major public health danger. Women and men smoke for different reasons and cessation treatments, such as the nicotine patch, are preferentially beneficial to men. The biological substrates of these sex differences are unknown. Earlier PET studies reported conflicting findings but were each hampered by experimental and/or analytical limitations. Our new image analysis technique, lp-ntPET (Normandin et al., 2012; Morris et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2014), has been optimized for capturing brief (lasting only minutes) and highly localized dopaminergic events in dynamic PET data. We coupled our analysis technique with high-resolution brain scanning and high-frequency motion correction to create the optimal experiment for capturing and characterizing the effects of smoking on the mesolimbic dopamine system in humans. Our main finding is that male smokers smoking in the PET scanner activate dopamine in the right ventral striatum during smoking but female smokers do not. This finding—men activating more ventrally than women—is consistent with the established notion that men smoke for the reinforcing drug effect of cigarettes whereas women smoke for other reasons, such as mood regulation and cue reactivity. lp-ntPET analysis produces a novel multidimensional endpoint: voxel-level temporal patterns of neurotransmitter release (“DA movies”) in individual subjects. By examining these endpoints quantitatively, we demonstrate that the timing of dopaminergic responses to cigarette smoking differs between men and women. Men respond consistently and rapidly in the ventral striatum whereas women respond faster in a discrete subregion of the dorsal putamen.

  • dopamine
  • PET
  • raclopride
  • reinforcement
  • sex differences
  • tobacco smoking
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The Journal of Neuroscience: 34 (50)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 34, Issue 50
10 Dec 2014
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Sex Differences in the Brain's Dopamine Signature of Cigarette Smoking
Kelly P. Cosgrove, Shuo Wang, Su-Jin Kim, Erin McGovern, Nabeel Nabulsi, Hong Gao, David Labaree, Hemant D. Tagare, Jenna M. Sullivan, Evan D. Morris
Journal of Neuroscience 10 December 2014, 34 (50) 16851-16855; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3661-14.2014

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Sex Differences in the Brain's Dopamine Signature of Cigarette Smoking
Kelly P. Cosgrove, Shuo Wang, Su-Jin Kim, Erin McGovern, Nabeel Nabulsi, Hong Gao, David Labaree, Hemant D. Tagare, Jenna M. Sullivan, Evan D. Morris
Journal of Neuroscience 10 December 2014, 34 (50) 16851-16855; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3661-14.2014
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Keywords

  • dopamine
  • PET
  • raclopride
  • reinforcement
  • sex differences
  • tobacco smoking

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