Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Visual stimuli and retinotopic mapping of the “circle” and “background” elements. A, Examples for contour and noncontour stimuli. fp, Fixation point. For behavioral paradigm, see Materials and Methods. The yellow rectangle (not visible to the animal) represents the approximated part of the visual stimulus that is mapped to the imaged area in V1. B, The part of the contour stimulus (including 3 “circle” and 3 “background” Gabors) that is approximately mapped onto the imaged area. C, A 2D spatial transformation of the stimulus part in B onto the imaged area (see Materials and Methods). The predicted positions (ROIs) of 6 “circle” and “background” Gabors are outlined in black and white, respectively, on the imaged area. D, The 6 Gabor ROIs shown in C superimposed on the average population response map evoked early (60–80 ms) after stimulus onset (contour trials). E, Maps of population response (bottom), obtained by presenting 1–2 “circle” Gabor elements (top), along with the corresponding Gabor ROIs.
- Figure 2.
FG-m shifts from one cortical site to another after an FS. A–C, An example from one contour trial. A, Left, Horizontal and vertical eye position displaying one FS (onset = 343 ms after stimulus; magnitude = 0.55°). Right, Gaze position (red point) before and after the FS (arrow), superimposed on the contour stimulus. B, Activation maps showing FG-m (i.e., increased activity at the “circle” elements and decreased activity in the background) in the old (left; averaged at 300–340 ms after stimulus onset) and new (right; averaged at 560–620 ms after stimulus onset) retinotopic locations. The “circle” elements (C1, C2, C3) are depicted in black (old location) and gray (new location). The dashed black line indicates the border between the “circle” area (above the line) and the “background” area (below the line) in the old location. The “circle” elements in the new location mostly fall within the general background area of the old location. C, Time course of the population response for all “circle” elements in the old (black curve; also the background in the new location) and new (gray curve; also the background area in the old location) retinotopic locations. The FG-m is shaded blue in the old location and pink in the new location. D, E, Examples from two additional contour trials, with a microsaccade (D; amplitude < 1°; see Materials and Methods) and a saccade (E; amplitude > 1°).
- Figure 3.
Elimination and reinitiation of FG-m after an FS, grand average. Data are pooled for both monkeys (n = 264 trials from Monkey L; n =133 trials from Monkey T). A, The FG-m in the old retinotopic location (blue) and the new retinotopic location (red) both aligned on the first FS. Error bars indicate SEM over trials. Gray dashed lines indicate the FG-m from shuffled trials labeling (mean ± 2 SD; see Materials and Methods). B, The FG-m in the old retinotopic location aligned on the stimulus onset (blue) and the FG-m in the new retinotopic location aligned on the first FS (red; as in A). Error bars are as in A.
- Figure 4.
Continuity of FG-m along the timeline in contour trials, grand average. Data are pooled from two monkeys (see Materials and Methods). A, The FG-m as a function of time aligned to stimulus onset or successive FSs (from top to bottom): stimulus onset, first, second, and third FSs. For each FS, FG-m is shown in the old location (defined by the gaze position before the FS; solid curves with filled circles symbols) and in the new location (defined by the gaze position after the FS; solid curves). In each curve, the FG-m peak was normalized to 1. To mark temporal discontinuities on the time axis, we added // on the x-axis, denoting the first point in the curves aligned on FS onset (curves with filled circle). Error bars indicate SEM over trials. B, The separated panels in A are joined together, along the common timeline of contour trials. Vertical arrows point to the FS onset-time histograms, across all trials, for the first, second, and third FSs. C, The black line indicates the maximal FG-m value for each time point.
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