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Articles, Development/Plasticity/Repair

Prenatal Drug Exposure Affects Neonatal Brain Functional Connectivity

Andrew P. Salzwedel, Karen M. Grewen, Clement Vachet, Guido Gerig, Weili Lin and Wei Gao
Journal of Neuroscience 8 April 2015, 35 (14) 5860-5869; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4333-14.2015
Andrew P. Salzwedel
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center and
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Karen M. Grewen
2Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and
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Clement Vachet
3Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Guido Gerig
3Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Weili Lin
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center and
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Wei Gao
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center and
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Abstract

Prenatal drug exposure, particularly prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), incurs great public and scientific interest because of its associated neurodevelopmental consequences. However, the neural underpinnings of PCE remain essentially uncharted, and existing studies in school-aged children and adolescents are confounded greatly by postnatal environmental factors. In this study, leveraging a large neonate sample (N = 152) and non-invasive resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared human infants with PCE comorbid with other drugs (such as nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, and antidepressant) with infants with similar non-cocaine poly drug exposure and drug-free controls. We aimed to characterize the neural correlates of PCE based on functional connectivity measurements of the amygdala and insula at the earliest stage of development. Our results revealed common drug exposure-related connectivity disruptions within the amygdala–frontal, insula–frontal, and insula–sensorimotor circuits. Moreover, a cocaine-specific effect was detected within a subregion of the amygdala–frontal network. This pathway is thought to play an important role in arousal regulation, which has been shown to be irregular in PCE infants and adolescents. These novel results provide the earliest human-based functional delineations of the neural-developmental consequences of prenatal drug exposure and thus open a new window for the advancement of effective strategies aimed at early risk identification and intervention.

  • amygdala
  • fMRI
  • functional connectivity
  • infant
  • insula
  • prenatal drug exposure
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The Journal of Neuroscience: 35 (14)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 35, Issue 14
8 Apr 2015
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Prenatal Drug Exposure Affects Neonatal Brain Functional Connectivity
Andrew P. Salzwedel, Karen M. Grewen, Clement Vachet, Guido Gerig, Weili Lin, Wei Gao
Journal of Neuroscience 8 April 2015, 35 (14) 5860-5869; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4333-14.2015

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Prenatal Drug Exposure Affects Neonatal Brain Functional Connectivity
Andrew P. Salzwedel, Karen M. Grewen, Clement Vachet, Guido Gerig, Weili Lin, Wei Gao
Journal of Neuroscience 8 April 2015, 35 (14) 5860-5869; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4333-14.2015
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Keywords

  • amygdala
  • fMRI
  • functional connectivity
  • infant
  • insula
  • prenatal drug exposure

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