Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
A, Display of reconstruction of insula lesions (n = 7). B, Display of reconstruction of vmPFC lesions (n = 6). Color bar represents the degree of lesion overlap among patients (0–100%). C, A version of the Ultimatum task. Participants made “accept/reject” responses to an offer of si (of ¥20 Chinese Yuan). D, Time course of one trial. Each participant played 45 rounds in total with a different virtual partner every round.
- Figure 2.
A, Rejection rate at each offer size. Patients with vmPFC lesions rejected less in the most unfair conditions (¥ 1 and ¥ 2). B, There were no significant group differences in overall rejection rate. C, The influence of offer size on rejection calculated by a logistic regression model was significantly reduced in patients with vmPFC lesions. D, Trajectories of cumulative rejection rate; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; n.s., not significant. L, Left; R, right; B, bilateral. Data are represented as mean ± SEM.
- Figure 3.
A, Patients with insula lesions showed slower adaptation rate ε of the RW model with variable initial norm, while patients with vmPFC lesions had higher ε. B, Estimated trajectory of internal norms. C, Patients with insula lesions, but not vmPFC or BDC patients, showed increased sensitivity to norm prediction error α of the RW model. D, Patients with vmPFC lesions, but not insula or BDC patients, showed decreased initial norm of the RW model. E, No significant group difference was detected for the softmax inverse temperature. F, Normalized Bayesian information criterion scores of RW, FS, and Bayes models: the model with the lowest BIC score has the maximal model evidence; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; n.s, not significant. L, Left; R, right; B, bilateral. Data are represented as mean ± SEM.
Tables
NC (n = 40) BDC (n = 6) Insula (n = 7) vmPFC (n = 6) Age (years)* 48 ± 12 42 ± 11 42 ± 8 54 ± 13 Sex 21 f/19 m 2 f/4 m 4 f/3 m 3 f/3 m Handedness 39 R/1 L 6 R/0 L 7 R/0 L 6 R/1 L Education (years) 11 ± 2 12 ± 3 13 ± 3 9 ± 3 MMSE 29 ± 2 28 ± 2 28 ± 2 26 ± 3 BDI 3 ± 4 3 ± 4 2 ± 1 4 ± 4 Chronicity (months)† — 22 ± 13 18 ± 21 15 ± 2 Lesion laterality — 3 L/3 R 4 L/3 R 3 L/2 R/1 B Lesion size (ml) — 42 ± 20 32 ± 13 112 ± 44
