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Featured ArticleArticles, Systems/Circuits

Glucose Induces Slow-Wave Sleep by Exciting the Sleep-Promoting Neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus: A New Link between Sleep and Metabolism

Christophe Varin, Armelle Rancillac, Hélène Geoffroy, Sébastien Arthaud, Patrice Fort and Thierry Gallopin
Journal of Neuroscience 8 July 2015, 35 (27) 9900-9911; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0609-15.2015
Christophe Varin
1Brain Plasticity Unit, Sleep Neuronal Networks Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8249, 75005 Paris, France,
2Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles ParisTech, 75005 Paris, France,
3Physiopathologie des Réseaux Neuronaux Responsables du Cycle Veille-Sommeil Team, INSERM, U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69372 Lyon, France, and
4University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
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Armelle Rancillac
1Brain Plasticity Unit, Sleep Neuronal Networks Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8249, 75005 Paris, France,
2Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles ParisTech, 75005 Paris, France,
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Hélène Geoffroy
1Brain Plasticity Unit, Sleep Neuronal Networks Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8249, 75005 Paris, France,
2Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles ParisTech, 75005 Paris, France,
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Sébastien Arthaud
3Physiopathologie des Réseaux Neuronaux Responsables du Cycle Veille-Sommeil Team, INSERM, U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69372 Lyon, France, and
4University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
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Patrice Fort
3Physiopathologie des Réseaux Neuronaux Responsables du Cycle Veille-Sommeil Team, INSERM, U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69372 Lyon, France, and
4University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
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Thierry Gallopin
1Brain Plasticity Unit, Sleep Neuronal Networks Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8249, 75005 Paris, France,
2Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles ParisTech, 75005 Paris, France,
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Abstract

Sleep-active neurons located in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) play a crucial role in the induction and maintenance of slow-wave sleep (SWS). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their activation at sleep onset remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that a rise in extracellular glucose concentration in the VLPO can promote sleep by increasing the activity of sleep-promoting VLPO neurons. We find that infusion of a glucose concentration into the VLPO of mice promotes SWS and increases the density of c-Fos-labeled neurons selectively in the VLPO. Moreover, we show in patch-clamp recordings from brain slices that VLPO neurons exhibiting properties of sleep-promoting neurons are selectively excited by glucose within physiological range. This glucose-induced excitation implies the catabolism of glucose, leading to a closure of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. The extracellular glucose concentration monitors the gating of KATP channels of sleep-promoting neurons, highlighting that these neurons can adapt their excitability according to the extracellular energy status. Together, these results provide evidence that glucose may participate in the mechanisms of SWS promotion and/or consolidation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the brain circuitry underlying vigilance states is well described, the molecular mechanisms responsible for sleep onset remain largely unknown. Combining in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrate that glucose likely contributes to sleep onset facilitation by increasing the excitability of sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). We find here that these neurons integrate energetic signals such as ambient glucose directly to regulate vigilance states accordingly. Glucose-induced excitation of sleep-promoting VLPO neurons should therefore be involved in the drowsiness that one feels after a high-sugar meal. This novel mechanism regulating the activity of VLPO neurons reinforces the fundamental and intimate link between sleep and metabolism.

  • glucose
  • homeostasis
  • hypothalamus
  • polysomnography
  • preoptic nucleus
  • sleep
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The Journal of Neuroscience: 35 (27)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 35, Issue 27
8 Jul 2015
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Glucose Induces Slow-Wave Sleep by Exciting the Sleep-Promoting Neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus: A New Link between Sleep and Metabolism
Christophe Varin, Armelle Rancillac, Hélène Geoffroy, Sébastien Arthaud, Patrice Fort, Thierry Gallopin
Journal of Neuroscience 8 July 2015, 35 (27) 9900-9911; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0609-15.2015

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Glucose Induces Slow-Wave Sleep by Exciting the Sleep-Promoting Neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus: A New Link between Sleep and Metabolism
Christophe Varin, Armelle Rancillac, Hélène Geoffroy, Sébastien Arthaud, Patrice Fort, Thierry Gallopin
Journal of Neuroscience 8 July 2015, 35 (27) 9900-9911; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0609-15.2015
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Keywords

  • glucose
  • homeostasis
  • hypothalamus
  • polysomnography
  • preoptic nucleus
  • sleep

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